loperamide

P1, N=198, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P1, N=11, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jul 2028

The medications commonly used to improve CID include loperamide and octreotide...We found that TCM has a definite therapeutic effect in the treatment of CID, which reflected in multiple levels and multiple pathways, including Keap1/Nrf2, TLR4/NLRP3, TLR4/NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, Wnt, AKT, and MAPK. The aim of this review was to provide some references for applying TCM to treat CID in clinic, and provide new insights into the critical path ahead of the development of innovative drugs in alleviating CID.

P2, N=2, Terminated, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Completed --> Terminated; This protocol was terminated prematurely because the prior principal investigator departed the Institute without treating any participants.

Kratom leaf extract, which contains mitragynine, alleviated acetic acid-induced colitis in mice by modulating immune responses and by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antispasmodic effects. Therefore, kratom leaves may be an effective therapeutic candidate for subsequent development as a multitarget drug for UC.

P2, N=50, Completed, MedSIR | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

In this study, we demonstrated that Golden Bifid alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by coordinately modulating host transcriptomic profiles, particularly the MAPK and serotonin signaling pathways, and restoring gut microbiota composition and diversity...Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that the Golden Bifid partially restored gut microbiota structure, increased microbial diversity, and reversed the dysbiosis induced by LOP, notably reducing the abundance of Patescibacteria and modulating microbial taxa at both the phylum and genus levels to resemble the gut microbiota composition of the control group. These findings suggest that Golden Bifid alleviate STC by enhancing c-kit and 5-HT signaling, modulating the MAPK signaling pathway and pathway and restoring gut microbiota balance, offering promising therapeutic potential for STC treatment.

She was advised to rest her bowel and gradually reintroduce oral intake as tolerated, while receiving symptom relief with antiemetics and loperamide for diarrhea. With symptomatic improvement, she was discharged and subsequently reviewed in the clinic. Based on the most recent imaging and evidence of disease progression, a new treatment regimen of exemestane combined with everolimus was initiated.

This study provides evidence that ICS II exerts significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This is achieved by inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway and suppressing macrophage M1 polarization, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for STC.

P=N/A, N=308, Recruiting, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: May 2025 --> Aug 2025

Loperamide reduced GI motility of irinotecan treated mice, however tolerance developed with chronic use, consistent with clinical findings of loperamide refractory diarrhea in patients. Irinotecan treatment produced a significant shift in the β diversity of the fecal microbiome that was mitigated by butyrate. The microbial dysbiosis was associated with increases in the mucin degrading bacteria Akkermansia muciniphilia and the hydrogen sulfide producing Desulfovibrio sp10575755 that was reduced with butyrate treatment.

XSD may inhibit oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in interstitial cells of Cajal by stimulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, thereby effectively treating STC.