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DRUG:

loperamide

i
Other names: JNJ-289679
Associations
Company:
Generic mfg.
Drug class:
µ-opioid agonist
Related drugs:
Associations
3d
DIANER: Three Antidiarrheal Strategies in HER2+/HR+ Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Extended Adjuvant Neratinib (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=315, Active, not recruiting, Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Oct 2024
Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
HER-2 positive
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • loperamide
1m
Unusual Presentation of Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer Involving Bone Marrow, Kidneys, and Adrenal Gland: A Literature Review Based on a Case Report. (PubMed, Cancer Rep (Hoboken))
Most MTC cases present with thyroid nodules in the initial steps and are confined to the thyroid gland or the adjacent LNs. These cases are mostly cured by thyroidectomy and LN dissection. This neuroendocrine cancer infrequently becomes aggressive and involves other parts of the body. However, involving BM or adrenal gland has been scarcely reported. Due to ineffective red and white blood cell production, BM metastasis can cause pancytopenia and, consequently, pallor, fatigue, dyspnea, and susceptibility to infections. High calcitonin levels can also cause diarrhea. The initial diagnosis is mostly with neck ultrasound (US) and fine needle aspiration (FNA). Total thyroidectomy is the main therapeutic option for these patients. Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are sensitive indicators of recurrence or remaining tumors, which might be helpful for the initial diagnosis and postoperation follow-up. Although extremely rare, invasive metastasis of MTC might involve unusual body organs such as the BM or adrenal glands. In cases of unjustifiable pancytopenia or adrenal dysfunction in MTC-positive patients, these possibilities should be considered and ruled out by some specific evaluations, such as bone marrow biopsy and contrast-enhanced imaging.
Review • Journal • Metastases
|
CEACAM5 (CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 5)
|
loperamide
4ms
In silico study suggests potential drugs that target CD151 to treat breast cancer and lioblastoma. (PubMed, J Comput Chem)
From these results, loperamide and glipizide were identified as the best evaluated drugs. We suggest an in vitro analysis is needed to confirm our in silico prediction studies.
Journal
|
CD151 (CD151 Molecule)
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loperamide
4ms
New P2 trial • Metastases
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • loperamide
4ms
New P4 trial
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
albumin-bound paclitaxel • loperamide
4ms
Evaluating the clinical application and effect of acupuncture therapy in anal function rehabilitation after low-tension rectal cancer surgery. (PubMed, World J Clin Cases)
Acupuncture therapy has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of anal function after low-tension rectal cancer surgery; it can effectively help to improve the serum indices of patients, avoid the occurrence of anal incontinence, and reduce the incidence of complications. Popularizing and applying it will be valuable.
Journal • Surgery
|
MLN (Motilin)
|
loperamide
5ms
TrEAT_TD2: Single Dose Antibiotic Treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhea, Rifaximin Versus Azithromycin, With Loperamide Adjunct (clinicaltrials.gov)
P4, N=150, Recruiting, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Sep 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 --> Jun 2025
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
|
loperamide
6ms
New P1 trial
|
loperamide
7ms
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Treating Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced-Diarrhea or Colitis in Genitourinary Cancer Patients (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=40, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Apr 2025 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2025 --> Dec 2025
Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Checkpoint inhibition
|
IL6 (Interleukin 6) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule)
|
loperamide
7ms
Efficacy and genomic analysis of HER2-mutant, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with neratinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab in the phase 2 SUMMIT basket trial. (ASCO 2024)
Addition of trastuzumab (T) to N + fulvestrant (F) in HR+, HER2-negative, HER2-mutant mBC revealed increased efficacy compared to N+F [Jhaveri et al...Loperamide prophylaxis was mandatory during the first two cycles... Treatment with either N and/or N+T yielded promising clinical efficacy and has been included in recent NCCN guidelines for HER2-mutant, triple-negative mBC. Molecular mechanisms of intrinsic or acquired sensitivity/resistance per genomic analysis will be reported.
Combination therapy • P2 data • Clinical • Genomic analysis • Pan tumor • Metastases • Omic analysis
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HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
MSK-IMPACT • MSK-ACCESS
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • Nerlynx (neratinib) • fulvestrant • loperamide
8ms
Isolation, characterization and pharmacological potentials of methanol extract of Cassia fistula leaves: Evidenced from mice model along with molecular docking analysis. (PubMed, Heliyon)
Similarly, all the crude extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) effects against pain centrally and peripherally compared to the standard drug morphine (2 mg/kg bw) and diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg bw). Moreover, the methanol extract (400 mg/kg bw) manifested anti-diarrheal efficacy by inhibiting 72.0 % of the diarrheal episode in mice compared to the standard drug loperamide (inhibition = 80.0%)...Results from this study indicated that C. fistula might be a beneficial natural resource for treating diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and pain. However, additional research is required to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical screening and establish precise action mechanisms of the crude extract or the plant-derived compounds.
Preclinical • Journal
|
EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor)
|
loperamide
8ms
A Study of LY2835219 (Abemaciclib) in Combination With Therapies for Breast Cancer That Has Spread (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=198, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Phase classification: P1b --> P1
Phase classification • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • CDK4 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 4) • CDK6 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 6)
|
HR positive • HER-2 negative • EGFR positive
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • everolimus • tamoxifen • Perjeta (pertuzumab) • Verzenio (abemaciclib) • fulvestrant • letrozole • anastrozole • exemestane • samotolisib (LY3023414) • loperamide
8ms
A comprehensive clinical evaluation of HER2-TKIs in patients with previously treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. (PubMed, Anticancer Drugs)
Furthermore, pyrotinib and neratinib were found to be higher in the risk of ≥ grade 3 diarrhea than lapatinib, however the risk could be reversed and prevented with loperamide. Pyrotinib is more valuable in clinics with better safety, effectiveness, economy, suitability, accessibility, and innovation in HER2-positive MBC. This study could provide references for the clinical application of HER2-TKIs in treating HER2-positive MBC.
Journal • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HER-2 positive
|
lapatinib • Nerlynx (neratinib) • Irene (pyrotinib) • loperamide
10ms
Preventive stRategy for IMMU132-relatED AEs in TNBC - PRIMED (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=50, Active, not recruiting, MedSIR | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
Enrollment closed
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
ER expression
|
Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) • Neupogen (filgrastim) • loperamide
10ms
Effects of orally administered crofelemer on the incidence and severity of neratinib-induced diarrhea in female dogs. (PubMed, PLoS One)
The average number of weekly loose/watery stools were not different between the crofelemer BID and QID treatment groups (p = 0.84). This study showed that crofelemer prophylaxis reduced the incidence/severity of neratinib-associated diarrhea in female beagle dogs without the need for any loperamide administration.
Journal
|
EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor)
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • Mytesi (crofelemer) • loperamide
12ms
Phase II Evaluating 3 Antidiarrheal Strategies in HER2+/HR+ Early BC Patients Treated With Extended Adjuvant Neratinib (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=315, Recruiting, Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Mar 2025
Trial primary completion date
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
HER-2 positive
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • loperamide
1year
A Study of LY2835219 (Abemaciclib) in Combination With Therapies for Breast Cancer That Has Spread (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1b, N=198, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Trial completion date: Sep 2023 --> Dec 2024
Trial completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • CDK4 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 4) • CDK6 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 6)
|
HR positive • HER-2 negative • EGFR positive
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • everolimus • tamoxifen • Perjeta (pertuzumab) • Verzenio (abemaciclib) • fulvestrant • letrozole • anastrozole • exemestane • samotolisib (LY3023414) • loperamide
1year
Neratinib for HER2-positive breast cancer with an overlooked option. (PubMed, Mol Med)
Neratinib with high anticancer activity is indicated for the prolonged adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early BC, or in combination with other drugs including trastuzumab, capecitabine, and paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced HER2-positive BC especially cancers with central nervous system (CNS) metastasis to reduce the risk of BC recurrence. The most common AE was diarrhea, and the incidence, severity and duration of neratinib-related grade 3 diarrhea can be reduced with loperamide. Of note, neratinib has the potential to effectively control and prevent brain metastasis in patients with advanced BC, providing a therapeutic strategy for HER2-positive BC.
Review • Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ERBB4 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4)
|
HER-2 positive • HER-2 negative • HER-2 expression • EGFR positive
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • paclitaxel • Nerlynx (neratinib) • capecitabine • loperamide
1year
Crofelemer for the Management of Neratinib-Associated Diarrhea in Patients With HER2+ Early-Stage Breast Cancer. (PubMed, Clin Breast Cancer)
This is the first study to investigate crofelemer for neratinib-induced diarrhea and demonstrates crofelemer activity in this setting. Further investigation of crofelemer for diarrhea secondary to cancer treatment is needed.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • Mytesi (crofelemer) • loperamide
1year
nextMONARCH 1: A Study of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) Plus Tamoxifen or Abemaciclib Alone in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=234, Active, not recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Trial completion date: Sep 2023 --> Dec 2024
Trial completion date • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HER-2 negative
|
tamoxifen • Verzenio (abemaciclib) • loperamide
1year
Efficacy of probiotics and trimebutine maleate for abemaciclib-induced diarrhea: A randomized, open-label phase II trial (MERMAID, WJOG11318B). (PubMed, Breast)
Probiotic Bifidobacterium or the combination of probiotic Bifidobacterium with TM did not decrease the incidence of grade 2 or greater diarrhea compared with historical control, although the grade 3 or greater diarrhea was reduced.
P2 data • Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HR positive
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Verzenio (abemaciclib) • loperamide
over1year
Irinotecan Toxicity With UGT1A Polymorphism in a Patient With Metastatic Rectal Adenocarcinoma (ACG 2023)
Most recently he received treatment with FOLFIRI and Cetuximab, with a FUDR hepatic arterial infusion pump...Broad spectrum antibiotics, scheduled diphenoxylate and loperamide were initiated with no improvement...Bowel movements improved with intravenous steroids which were transitioned to oral prednisone outpatient...Our case emphasizes standardized pre-therapeutic UGT1A1 testing due to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with IRI toxicity in these patients. It also highlights the need for closer monitoring for adverse drug events to reduce the overall healthcare burden and complications.
Clinical • Metastases
|
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • UGT1A1 (UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1)
|
KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • UGT1A1*28 • UGT1A1*1*1
|
Erbitux (cetuximab) • 5-fluorouracil • irinotecan • prednisone • leucovorin calcium • loperamide
over1year
Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: An Update. (PubMed, Biomedicines)
Symptomatic treatment alone or with loperamide, a low-fiber diet, and spasmolytics are recommended for low-grade diarrhea. In more severe cases, corticosteroid treatment is mandatory. In refractory cases, off-label use of biological therapies (infliximab or vedolizumab) was proposed.
Review • Journal • Checkpoint inhibition
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PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1)
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Entyvio (vedolizumab) • loperamide
over1year
Apple juice relieves loperamide-induced constipation in rats by downregulating the intestinal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter ASBT. (PubMed, Food Funct)
In conclusion, ASBT downregulation is a possible mechanism responsible for the constipation-relieving effect of apples, and procyanidins may play a role in downregulating ASBT, which leads to the beneficial effects of apples against constipation. Although it is generally agreed that the common dietary compositions play a role in constipation relief, the novel specific mechanism of apples found in this study would facilitate understanding food functions.
Preclinical • Journal
|
loperamide
over1year
Pelvic floor muscle exercises alleviate symptoms and improve mental health and rectal function in patients with low anterior resection syndrome. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of combined pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFMEs) and loperamide treatment on rectal function and mental health for low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) patients after sphincter-saving operation (SSO) for rectal cancer...Additionally, both anxiety scores (4.16 ± 1.38 vs. 5.33 ± 1.69, p < 0.001) and depression scores (4.09 ± 1.56 vs. 5.15 ± 1.89, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in Group A than in Group B at week 4. Pelvic floor muscle exercises are an effective treatment that can alleviate symptoms and improve rectal function and mental health in patients with low anterior resection syndrome.
Journal
|
loperamide
over1year
Capivasertib (C) and fulvestrant (F) for patients (pts) with aromatase inhibitor (AI)-resistant HR+/HER2– advanced breast cancer (ABC): Characterization and management of common adverse events (AEs) from the phase 3 CAPItello-291 trial. (ASCO 2023)
In the C+F arm, medications for the management of AEs were used in 151/257 pts (59%) with diarrhea (mostly loperamide; n=135), 109/135 pts (81%) with rash (mostly antihistamines; n=75/topical corticosteroids; n=64), and 28/60 pts (47%) with hyperglycemia (mostly metformin; n=18). Diarrhea, rash, and hyperglycemia, the most commonly reported AEs associated with AKT pathway inhibition, occur early in treatment with C+F, are generally low grade and manageable, and are associated with low rates of dose modifications/discontinuations. Clinical trial information: NCT04305496. >aGroup terms (preferred terms): diarrhea (diarrhea, frequent bowel movements, gastrointestinal hypermotility); rash (rash, rash macular, maculopapular rash, rash papular, rash pruritic) and hyperglycemia (blood glucose increased, hyperglycemia).
Clinical • P3 data • Adverse events • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
fulvestrant • Truqap (capivasertib) • metformin • loperamide
over1year
Sticking to the Rules: Outcome and Success Rate of Guideline-Based Diarrhea Management in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Abemaciclib. (PubMed, J Clin Med)
Nonetheless, this toxicity leads to abemaciclib discontinuation in a small proportion of patients (approximately 2%) thanks to the use of effective loperamide-based supportive therapy. In our real-world analysis, we observed a higher incidence of diarrhea related to abemaciclib compared to data from clinical trials, and a higher rate of permanent treatment discontinuation due to gastrointestinal toxicity. Better implementation of guideline-based supportive care could help to manage this toxicity.
Journal • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HR positive • HER-2 negative
|
Verzenio (abemaciclib) • loperamide
over1year
Randomized Phase II trial evaluating three anti-diarrhoeal prophylaxis strategies in patients with HER2+/HR+ early breast cancer treated with extended adjuvant neratinib (DIANER GEICAM/2018-06) (SG-BCC 2023)
Goals : Neratinib (NER) is approved in Europe for the extended adjuvant treatment of HER2+/hormone receptor (HR)+ early breast cancer (EBC) patients (pts) within 1 year of trastuzumab (T)-based therapy completion...Arm A: NER (240 mg/day[d] × 1 year, 13 cycles [C]) + loperamide (LOP) (12 mg/d × 14 d→ 8 mg/d till end of C2→ as needed [PRN]), Arm B: NER dose escalation (120 mg/d × 7 d →160 mg/d till d 14→ 240 mg/d for a total of 13C) + LOP PRN, and Arm C: NER (like Arm A) + LOP (12 mg/d × 14 d→ 8 mg/d till end of C1→ PRN) + colesevelam (3750 mg/d × 28 d). Patients will be stratified by menopausal status and prior anti-HER2 therapy (T versus T + pertuzumab)... DIANER will take place in 110 sites in 5 European countries. As of 15/12/2022 is open in Spain with 14 patients recruited. Conclusion(s): NA
Clinical • P2 data
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • Nerlynx (neratinib) • Perjeta (pertuzumab) • loperamide
almost2years
Preventive stRategy for IMMU132-relatED AEs in TNBC - PRIMED (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=50, Recruiting, MedSIR | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
ER expression
|
Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) • Neupogen (filgrastim) • loperamide
almost2years
Final findings from the CONTROL trial: Strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of neratinib-associated diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer. (PubMed, Breast)
These complete results from CONTROL show improved neratinib tolerability with proactive management at the start of therapy. Two-week neratinib DE with loperamide as needed was particularly effective.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HER-2 positive
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • Nerlynx (neratinib) • Perjeta (pertuzumab) • loperamide
almost2years
Trial completion
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HER-2 overexpression • HER-2 amplification
|
Herceptin (trastuzumab) • Nerlynx (neratinib) • loperamide
almost2years
Enrollment open
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
HER-2 positive
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • loperamide
almost2years
Gastrointestinal toxicity of systemic oncology immunotherapy. (PubMed, Klin Onkol)
Awareness of possible complications of systemic anti-cancer immunotherapy is crucial for patients safety. It is mandatory to consider immune-related adverse events, complicating infections, bile acids malabsorption and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome. Prompt proper dia gnostics and immediate vigorous therapy infl uence the outcome of patients signifi cantly. A strictly individualized approach is indispensable.
Journal • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
|
PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1) • CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4)
|
Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • Opdivo (nivolumab) • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • Bavencio (avelumab) • Imjudo (tremelimumab) • loperamide
2years
Journal
|
GAST (Gastrin 2) • MLN (Motilin)
|
loperamide
2years
Concerto (NCT04409639): A Phase 2 Trial of Cobimetinib in Newly Diagnosed and HMA-Treated CMML Patients with RAS Pathway Mutations (ASH 2022)
Cobimetinib is approved for use with vemurafenib in the U.S. and Europe for advanced melanomas harboring BRAF mutations...One pt required hydroxyurea (HU) for cytoreduction prior to starting cobimetinib...The most common treatment related AE was diarrhea (83%), all cases of which were Grade 1 or 2 and easily managed with the addition of loperamide... Oral cobimetinib showed single agent activity (ORR 50%) and safety in a small number of CMML patients. Accrual for NCT04409639 is ongoing and multisite opening is in progress. Correlative studies, including measurement of circulating inflammatory cytokine levels and mutant allele burden are ongoing and will be presented.
Clinical • P2 data • Tumor Mutational Burden
|
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) • MAP2K2 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2)
|
KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • RAS mutation • CBL mutation
|
Zelboraf (vemurafenib) • Cotellic (cobimetinib) • hydroxyurea • loperamide
2years
Preventive stRategy for IMMU132-relatED AEs in TNBC - PRIMED (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=50, Not yet recruiting, MedSIR | Initiation date: Oct 2022 --> Jan 2023
Trial initiation date • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
ER expression
|
Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) • Neupogen (filgrastim) • loperamide
2years
A Case of Progressive Refractory Diarrhea due to Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ACG 2022)
She was started on a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), colestipol, and loperamide without improvement. The gastric pH, gastric level, secretin stimulation, and Dotatate PET/CT are used to evaluate and localize the tumor. Figure: Figure 1A, 1B: Computed Tomography (CT) abdomen showed multiple, small duodenal ulcers and 4 millimeter (mm) enhancing polyp at the gastric antrum (red arrows)
Clinical
|
SSTR (Somatostatin Receptor) • GAST (Gastrin 2)
|
SSTR Expression
|
loperamide
2years
Symptomatic Duodenal-Type Follicular Lymphoma Treated With Bendamustine-Rituximab: A Case Report (ACG 2022)
She was given loperamide and colestipol for mild persistent diarrhea. The neoplastic cells are positive for CD20, CD10 and bcl-2 C- t(14;18)(q32;q21) (IGH/BCL2) translocation is detected by FISH. One green, one orange and two yellow fusion signals (x1000)
Clinical
|
BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2) • CD20 (Membrane Spanning 4-Domains A1) • MME (Membrane Metalloendopeptidase)
|
CD20 positive • BCL2 translocation
|
Rituxan (rituximab) • bendamustine • loperamide
2years
New P2 trial
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
ER expression
|
Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) • Neupogen (filgrastim) • loperamide
2years
A case of early onset adenocarcinoma associated with colorectal polyposis with an unknown germline mutation. (PubMed, Surg Case Rep)
The genetic analysis suggests that she may have a germline mutation at unscreened region of these genes or in unidentified FAP gene. The patient will be carefully followed up for residual rectal carcinoma and for the development of other cancers.
Journal
|
APC (APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway) • MUTYH (MutY homolog)
|
APC mutation
|
loperamide
over2years
Trial initiation date
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
HER-2 positive
|
Nerlynx (neratinib) • loperamide