Legalon (silibinin)

K-562 and HL-60 cells were treated with silibinin, an HIF-1α inhibitor, and sodium oxamate, a LDH-A inhibitor...Interestingly, the expression of MCT1, but not MCT4, was downregulated in K-562 cells after treatment. Our findings show that HIF-1α and LDH-A inhibitors not only serve as cytotoxic drugs but also regulate the expression of lactate transporter and interfere with the metabolism-related mechanisms in AML cells.

These findings highlight the value of combining competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks with nanomaterial based targeted delivery systems for GC therapy. The CLip@Sil platform offers a promising direction for the future development of precise and biomimetic nanotherapeutics in oncology.

The cytotoxic mechanism of action was characterized by a decreased cell viability, morphological alterations, elevation of intracellular ROS, decreased mitochondrial potential, mitochondrial and nuclear dysmorphologies, activation of caspases 9 and 3/7 and apoptosis occurrence, and decreased long-term colony formation. These findings show that SIL could represent a potential alternative therapy for HPV-negative OPSCC by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and exerting a decline in the colonogenicity of Detroit 562 cancer cells.

Our study is the first collection of a large number of lung cancer patients with brain metastasis taking silibinin, which is very well tolerated and allows patients to maintain a good QoL.

P=N/A, N=90, Recruiting, Ain Shams University

Our results reveal the F-actin assembly is inhibited by silibinin, and this results in G2/M cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells, providing new ideas for anti-cancer therapies including TNBCs. Abbreviations: ABPs, actin binding proteins; ARP2, actin-related protein2; Capza1, capping actin protein of muscle Z-line subunit alpha 1; CDC2, Cell Division Cycle protein 2/CDK1, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1; CDKi, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors; CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinases; CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay; CFL1, cofilin 1; Cyto D, Cytochalasin D; DARTS, drug affinity responsive target stability; DIAPH3, diaphanous related formin 3; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium; ER, estrogen receptor; F-actin, filamentous actin; FBS, fetal bovine serum; G-actin, globular actin; GSN, gelsolin; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; LAMP1, lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; NLS, nuclear localization signal; PDB, protein data bank; PFN1, profilin 1; PR, progesterone receptor; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RT, room temperature; Sili, silibinin; si-RNAs, small interfering RNAs; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; VP, verteporfin; YAP, Yes-associated protein.

P=N/A, N=110, Recruiting, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Our data suggested that silibinin may inhibit HNSCC progression through modulation of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinity between silibinin and key targets, supporting its potential as an HNSCC therapeutic agent.

P=N/A, N=104, Not yet recruiting, The First Hospital of Jilin University; The First Hospital of Jilin University

These platforms have been used to test candidate therapies, including GLP-1 analogues (exendin-4, liraglutide), kinsenoside, silibinin, and bile-acid modulators, and to interrogate gut - liver axis disruption that supports microbiota-targeted strategies. Animal models have advanced our understanding of their unique drivers, including bile acid dysregulation, leptin signaling, and oxidative stress. These insights may guide the development of targeted therapies tailored to lean patients and improve clinical outcomes through individualized approaches.

For the UC, rats were given oral (p.o.) doses of AESS and sulfasalazine (SSZ) for one week before colitis induction, then histological structure and inflammatory and oxidative markers were examined. Findings showed that AESS exhibited antioxidant capacities due to its flavonoids and mainly their flavonolignans, such as silychristin, silydianin, and silibinin A and silibinin B. Myeloperoxidase and HRP activities demonstrated that AESS decreased total oxygen radicals, H₂O₂ and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and modulated neutrophil degranulation. AESS (100 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) prevents the rise of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β and preserves the microstructure of the colon and its redox status during the UC. Flavonolignans of AESS possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials, making it a safe candidate to prevent inflammation.

The designed nano-niosome, NiO@MTXSiL, is safe, stable, and has an optimal size and surface charge. It offers high drug loading capacity for co-delivering hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemotherapeutics with different anti-cancer mechanisms, improving anti-tumor response and overcoming MDR. It shows higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells compared to free drugs, making it a promising candidate to combat MTX resistance in breast cancer.