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    BIOMARKER:

    KRAS exon 2 mutation

    i
    Other names: KRAS, KRAS1, KRAS2, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
    Entrez ID:
    3845
    Related biomarkers:
    Expression
    Mutation
    CNA
    Others
    Related tests:
    10d
    Efficacy of Regorafenib and Trifluridine/Tipiracil According to Extended RAS Evaluation in Advanced Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. (PubMed, Target Oncol)
    Our data demonstrate that RAS mutations do not affect outcome in rego-treated patients as well as TFD/TPI-treated patients. Nevertheless, a trend toward a higher efficacy of rego in RAS-mutated (in particular codon 12, rare RAS mutations, and G12D) patients has been recorded. The rego-TFD/TPI sequence seems to be superior to the reverse sequence in patients carrying an RAS codon 12 mutation, although the impact of other factors as disease burden or performance status cannot be excluded.
    Retrospective data • Journal • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS wild-type • RAS mutation • RAS wild-type • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G12D • NRAS G12
    |
    Stivarga (regorafenib) • Lonsurf (trifluridine/tipiracil)
    14d
    S095029 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Sym021 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies Followed by an Expansion Part With Triple Combinations in Patients With Metastatic Gastric or Colorectal Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=51, Active, not recruiting, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier | Trial completion date: Feb 2024 --> Jul 2024
    Trial completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    futuximab/modotuximab (S95026) • S95029 • Sym021
    18d
    Colorectal adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation: a clinicopathological analysis of eight cases (PubMed, Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi)
    Accurate pathological diagnosis is prognostically valuable. The histological features of enteroblastic differentiation, elevated serum AFP levels, and the expression of oncofetal proteins play an important role in the tumor diagnosis.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) • GPC3 (Glypican 3) • SALL4 (Spalt Like Transcription Factor 4)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS wild-type • KRAS G13 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G13 • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    25d
    Primary Rosai-Dorfman disease of the central nervous system: A clinical, histological, and molecular appraisal. (PubMed, Neuropathology)
    Nuclear Cyclin D1 expression along with S-100 positivity in the tumor cells is a strong diagnostic clue. BRAF and KRAS mutations are rare in CNS RDD.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • CD163 (CD163 Molecule) • CD68 (CD68 Molecule) • GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • CCND1 expression • KRAS expression
    28d
    DNA variants detected in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. (PubMed, Lab Med)
    We observed 7 DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in primary and metastatic tumor specimens; an additional 7 CNAs were exclusively detected in the metastatic tumor specimens. These DNA alterations may be genetic drivers in the pathogenesis of the tumor specimen from our patient and may serve as biomarkers for the classification and prognosis of NSCLC.
    Review • Journal • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    1m
    External Quality Assessment on Molecular Tumor Profiling with Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Methodologies Routinely Used in Clinical Pathology within the COIN Consortium. (PubMed, Clin Chem)
    Divergent (pre)analytical protocols could lead to discrepant clinical outcomes when using the same plasma samples. Standardization of (pre)analytical work flows can facilitate the implementation of reproducible liquid biopsy testing in the clinical routine.
    Journal • Circulating tumor DNA
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • EGFR S752_I759del • BRAF exon 15 mutation
    2ms
    Onvansertib in Combination With FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab for Second Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With a Kras Mutation (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1/2, N=68, Completed, Cardiff Oncology | Active, not recruiting --> Completed
    Trial completion
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • 5-fluorouracil • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium • onvansertib (PCM-075)
    2ms
    Cross-Species Comparison of the Pan-RAF Inhibitor LY3009120's Anti-Tumor Effects in Equine, Canine, and Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines. (PubMed, Genes (Basel))
    The anti-tumor effects of LY3009120 were observed in nine melanoma cell lines, indicating the potential feasibility of experimental trials with LY3009120. The present study reveals that the irradiation-resistant canine metastasis cells (cRGO1.2) harboring the NRAS p.G13R mutation are significantly LY3009120-sensitive, while the equine metastases-derived eRGO6 cells show significant resistance to LY3009120, which make them both valuable tools for studying resistance mechanisms in comparative oncology.
    Preclinical • Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KIT exon 11 mutation • NRAS Q61 • KRAS Q61H • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G13 • NRAS G13R • BRAF exon 11 mutation • BRAF exon 15 mutation
    |
    LY3009120
    2ms
    AB122 Platform Study (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=715, Recruiting, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | N=367 --> 715 | Trial completion date: May 2024 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2024 --> May 2026
    Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • Cyramza (ramucirumab) • Lytgobi (futibatinib) • Yutuo (zimberelimab) • Lonsurf (trifluridine/tipiracil) • Jeselhy (pimitespib) • pamufetinib (TAS-115)
    2ms
    S095029 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Sym021 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies Followed by an Expansion Part With Triple Combinations in Patients With Metastatic Gastric or Colorectal Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=51, Active, not recruiting, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
    Enrollment closed
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    futuximab/modotuximab (S95026) • S95029 • Sym021
    3ms
    Clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung and its associated lung cancer in adults (PubMed, Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi)
    CCAM of the lung is a congenital disease, and in adults, type 1 is most commonly found in the pathological classification, and it is often accompanied by cancer. Gene mutations are frequently detected in CCAM of the lung, KRAS being the most recurrent mutation which may play an important role in the carcinogenesis.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    3ms
    Association of Orai1 and Peizo1 genes expression with cellular proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis biomarkers in colon tumor biopsies of CRC patients. (PubMed, Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand))
    Notably, mutant KRAS exon 2 samples exhibit elevated CCL3 and VEGFA expression, suggesting a nuanced link between specific KRAS mutations and the tumor microenvironment. These findings illuminate the intricate molecular landscape of colon cancer and emphasize the potential roles of calcium channels, angiogenesis-related genes, and oncogenic mutations as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
    Journal • Biopsy
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • CCL3 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • VEGFA elevation • KRAS exon 2 mutation • VEGFA expression
    3ms
    Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Testing on Reference Specimens: An Italian Multicenter Experience. (PubMed, Oncol Ther)
    Optimized technical workflows are crucial in the decision-making strategy of patients with NSCLC. Artificial reference specimens enable optimization of diagnostic workflows for predictive molecular analysis in routine clinical practice.
    Journal
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS)
    |
    EGFR mutation • KRAS G12C • MET exon 14 mutation • ROS1 fusion • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • EGFR E746
    4ms
    FIRE-4: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (RAS-wildtype) After Response to First-line Treatment With FOLFIR Plus Cetuximab (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=673, Active, not recruiting, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich
    Trial completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • Erbitux (cetuximab) • 5-fluorouracil • capecitabine • Stivarga (regorafenib) • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    4ms
    CR-SEQUENCE: Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of FOLFOX + Panitumumab Followed by FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab (Sequence 1) Versus FOLFOX + Bevacizumab Followed by FOLFIRI + Panitumumab (Sequence 2) in Untreated Patients With Wild-type RAS Metastatic, Primary Left-sided, Unresectable Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=419, Active, not recruiting, Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD) | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2024 --> Jun 2025
    Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • 5-fluorouracil • Vectibix (panitumumab) • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    4ms
    Panitumumab With or Without Trametinib in Treating Patients With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=59, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • EGFR S492R • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Mekinist (trametinib) • Vectibix (panitumumab)
    4ms
    Phase 2 Study of TVB-2640 in KRAS Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=34, Recruiting, David E Gerber | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase)
    |
    KRAS mutation • EGFR mutation • ALK rearrangement • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 12 mutation
    |
    denifanstat (TVB-2640)
    5ms
    S095029 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Sym021 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies Followed by an Expansion Part With Triple Combinations in Patients With Metastatic Gastric or Colorectal Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=41, Recruiting, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier | Phase classification: P1a/1b --> P1
    Phase classification • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    futuximab/modotuximab (S95026) • S95029 • Sym021
    5ms
    Association of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations with clinicopathological features, prognosis and ring finger protein 215 expression in patients with colorectal cancer. (PubMed, Biomed Rep)
    KRAS wild-type patient resistance may be related to PIK3CA gene mutations, although this needs further verification in larger cohorts. BRAF mutations may be associated with RNF215 expression in patients with CRC.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS wild-type • BRAF wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • PIK3CA expression • PIK3CA wild-type
    5ms
    Case report outcome of cetuximab treatment in a metastatic colorectal cancer patient with novel KRAS P34R. (PubMed, Anticancer Drugs)
    In the third-line course, the patient also did not respond to the combination treatment of furaquitinib and cindilimab. The patient died 8 months after treatment initiation. In this study, we found amplification of the rare oncogenic KRASP34R was not only associated with an aggressive phenotype, but also supported cancer resistance to cetuximab, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
    Journal • IO biomarker • Metastases
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS exon 2 mutation
    |
    Erbitux (cetuximab) • Tyvyt (sintilimab)
    5ms
    Onvansertib in Combination With FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab for Second Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With a Kras Mutation (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1/2, N=68, Active, not recruiting, Cardiff Oncology | Phase classification: P1b/2 --> P1/2
    Phase classification
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • 5-fluorouracil • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium • onvansertib (PCM-075)
    5ms
    FIRE-4: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (RAS-wildtype) After Response to First-line Treatment With FOLFIR Plus Cetuximab (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=673, Active, not recruiting, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Nov 2023
    Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • Erbitux (cetuximab) • 5-fluorouracil • capecitabine • Stivarga (regorafenib) • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    5ms
    AIO-KRK-0116: FOLFOXIRI Plus Cetuximab vs. FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab 1st-line in BRAF-mutated mCRC (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=109, Active, not recruiting, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2022 --> Nov 2023
    Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)
    |
    BRAF V600E • BRAF V600 • KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • Erbitux (cetuximab) • 5-fluorouracil • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    5ms
    FIRE-6: FOLFIRI + Cetuximab + Avelumab RAS Wild-type CRC (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=57, Active, not recruiting, Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2022 --> Nov 2023
    Trial primary completion date
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Erbitux (cetuximab) • 5-fluorouracil • Bavencio (avelumab) • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    6ms
    Ipsilateral synchronous papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity and urothelial carcinoma in a renal transplant recipient: a rare case report with molecular analysis and literature review. (PubMed, Diagn Pathol)
    We report here for the first time an extraordinarily rare case of synchronous renal tumors of a PRNRP and UC in the ipsilateral kidney of an RTR. We identified simultaneous KRAS, FGFR3, and KDM6A mutations in two different renal masses in the ipsilateral kidney. Pathologic assessment with comparative molecular analysis of mutational profiles facilitates tumor studies after RT and may be of great value in clinical management strategies.
    Review • Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • KDM6A (Lysine Demethylase 6A)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • FGFR3 mutation • FGFR3 S249C • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KDM6A mutation
    6ms
    Mutation Profile via Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Its Clinicopathological Correlation. (PubMed, Turk J Gastroenterol)
    It is necessary to have a comprehensive database of genomic alterations of colorectal carcinomas to interpret mutations more accurately clinically. There are no studies on the frequency of mutations in colorectal carcinomas in the Turkish population; thus, follow-up and treatment protocols are organized following the European and American databases and guidelines. A comprehensive study of the colorectal carcinoma patients' mutation profile in the Turkish patient cohort by the next-generation sequencing method will help to provide significant therapeutic, prognostic, and predictive data and design more successful treatment and follow-up strategies.
    Journal • Next-generation sequencing • BRCA Biomarker
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • BRCA2 (Breast cancer 2, early onset) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • MSH3 (MutS Homolog 3) • CDC27 (Cell Division Cycle 27)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    6ms
    Characterizing Intraprimary Tumor Genetic Heterogeneity in Colorectal Carcinoma with Multiple Driver Alterations (AMP 2023)
    These data support that the tumor likely arose from three separate clonal populations, the BRAF V600E population and the KRAS G12G and KRAS G12C populations, each having distinct molecular pathways to tumorigenesis. Future directions include measuring spatial gene expression patterns of the tumor to correlate with the tumor mapping described above and to further characterize the multiple populations of tumor cells harboring different driver alterations and molecular pathways to tumorigenesis.
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • KRAS G12C • BRAF V600 • KRAS G12D • BRAF V600K • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G12D • HRAS G12C • BRAF V600E + KRAS G12D
    |
    Cologuard®
    6ms
    Molecular Pattern and Clinical Implications of KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Mutations in Colorectal Cancer. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol)
    NRAS and BRAF mutations were significantly more frequent in the right colon. BRAF mutation was more common in women and in the right colon.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS G12D • RAS mutation • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation • NRAS G12D • KRAS exon 3 mutation • KRAS exon 4 mutation
    7ms
    KRAS/NRAS Mutations Associated with Distant Metastasis and BRAF/PIK3CA Mutations Associated with Poor Tumor Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer. (PubMed, Int J Gen Med)
    KRAS/NRAS mutations are associated with distant metastasis and BRAF/PIK3CA mutations are associated with poor tumor differentiation in CRC. And the results provided a better understanding between clinicopathological characteristics and gene mutations in CRC patients.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    8ms
    CPX-351 Versus Immediate Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of High-Grade Myeloid Cancers With Measurable Residual Disease (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=1, Terminated, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Terminated due to low accrual
    Trial termination
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • IDH2 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2) • NPM1 (Nucleophosmin 1) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 1) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1) • RB1 (RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1) • PDGFRA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha) • JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) • MYD88 (MYD88 Innate Immune Signal Transduction Adaptor) • RUNX1 (RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1) • SF3B1 (Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 1) • ASXL1 (ASXL Transcriptional Regulator 1) • KMT2A (Lysine Methyltransferase 2A) • TET2 (Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2) • FBXW7 (F-Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7) • SRSF2 (Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2) • WT1 (WT1 Transcription Factor) • CSF3R (Colony Stimulating Factor 3 Receptor) • STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3) • U2AF1 (U2 Small Nuclear RNA Auxiliary Factor 1) • STAG2 (Stromal Antigen 2) • GATA2 (GATA Binding Protein 2) • PHF6 (PHD Finger Protein 6) • ZRSR2 (Zinc Finger CCCH-Type, RNA Binding Motif And Serine/Arginine Rich 2)
    |
    DNMT3A mutation • ASXL1 mutation • TET2 mutation • FLT3 D835 • U2AF1 mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation • FLT3 D835H • IDH1 R132
    |
    Vyxeos (cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal formulation)
    8ms
    Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Insights on KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and TP53 Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients from Northeastern Romania. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci)
    It provides novel insights into genetic variations specific to the population from Northeastern Romania, which has been underrepresented in previous studies within Eastern Europe. Furthermore, our findings enable the development of genetic profiles in a developing country with limited access to specialized genetic tests and facilitate comparisons with other populations.
    Journal • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • PIK3CA mutation • TP53 wild-type • KRAS wild-type • RAS mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 3 mutation
    8ms
    Different prognostic values of KRAS exon 2 sub-mutations and BRAF V600E mutation in microsatellite stable (MSS) and unstable (MSI) stage III colon cancer: an ACCENT/IDEA pooled analysis of 7 trials. (PubMed, Ann Oncol)
    Testing for both RAS and BRAF mutations in stage III patients should be considered as they can better define individual patient prognosis, and may also enable patient selection for (neo)adjuvant trials dedicated to specific poor prognosis molecular subtypes.
    Retrospective data • Journal • MSi-H Biomarker
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • KRAS G12C • BRAF mutation • BRAF V600 • KRAS G12D • RAS mutation • KRAS G12 • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    8ms
    Core-binding factor abnormalities involving chromosome 16 in acute myeloid leukaemia: prognostic and therapeutic implications. (PubMed, BMJ Case Rep)
    She had an aggressive clinical course following initiation of cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy. The underlying mutational landscape may significantly influence the biological behaviour of otherwise favourable risk of CBF-AML cases.
    Journal
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • CBFB (Core-Binding Factor Subunit Beta 2)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KIT exon 17 mutation • CBFB-MYH11 fusion
    |
    cytarabine
    8ms
    OSCAR: Systemic Oxaliplatin or Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Combined With LV5FU2 +/- Irinotecan and an Target Therapy in First Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Restricted to the Liver (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=348, Recruiting, Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive | Trial completion date: Sep 2025 --> Sep 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2023 --> Sep 2025
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • 5-fluorouracil • Vectibix (panitumumab) • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    9ms
    CR-SEQUENCE: Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of FOLFOX + Panitumumab Followed by FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab (Sequence 1) Versus FOLFOX + Bevacizumab Followed by FOLFIRI + Panitumumab (Sequence 2) in Untreated Patients With Wild-type RAS Metastatic, Primary Left-sided, Unresectable Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P3, N=419, Active, not recruiting, Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours (TTD) | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2023 --> Jun 2024
    Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Avastin (bevacizumab) • 5-fluorouracil • Vectibix (panitumumab) • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    9ms
    S095029 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Sym021 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies Followed by an Expansion Part With Triple Combinations in Patients With Metastatic Gastric or Colorectal Cancers (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1a/1b, N=39, Recruiting, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier | N=129 --> 39 | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Jan 2024 | Trial primary completion date: May 2023 --> Jan 2024
    Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    futuximab/modotuximab (S95026) • S95029 • Sym021
    9ms
    FOLFOXIRI Plus Panitumumab in Metastatic RAS Wild-type, Left-sided Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=27, Active, not recruiting, Criterium, Inc. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2023 --> Jan 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2023 --> Dec 2024
    Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase)
    |
    KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • KRAS exon 2 wild-type • KRAS exon 3 mutation • KRAS exon 4 mutation
    |
    5-fluorouracil • Vectibix (panitumumab) • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    9ms
    Prognostic value of KRAS and BRAF mutations in microsatellite stable (MSS) and unstable (MSI) stage III colon cancer: An ACCENT/IDEA pooled analysis of 7 trials (ESMO 2023)
    Conclusions In the largest analysis of the association of KRAS exon 2 and BRAFV600E mutations and disease outcome in resected stage III CC, either mutation was associated with significantly shorter DFS, OS and SAR in MSS tumors, but only with shorter SAR in MSI-H tumors. In addition, all KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations had similar prognostic value.
    Retrospective data • MSi-H Biomarker
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
    |
    BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • KRAS G12C • BRAF mutation • BRAF V600 • KRAS G12D • KRAS G12V • KRAS G12A • KRAS G12 • KRAS G12S • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    9ms
    Mesonephric And Mesonephric Like Adenocarcinoma Of Female Genital Tract: Report Of Three Cases (ESGO 2023)
    Conclusion The application of a panel of immunohistochemical markers can help in correct diagnosis while ruling out the mimickers. Treatment of these tumors is based on the stage, and they usually show aggressive biological behavior with increased risk of recurrence.
    Clinical
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) • GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3) • PAX8 (Paired box 8)
    |
    KRAS mutation • KRAS exon 2 mutation • PAX8 positive
    9ms
    The role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in determining survival rates of lung cancer patients in the population of North Sumatra, Indonesia. (PubMed, F1000Res)
    There were no KRAS mutations in this study. EGFR mutations showed a higher survival rate, while TP53 mutations showed a lower survival rate in overall survival and progression-free survival.
    Retrospective data • Journal
    |
    EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)
    |
    TP53 mutation • EGFR mutation • EGFR expression • KRAS exon 2 mutation • TP53 expression
    10ms
    A multi-institutional observational study evaluating the incidence and the clinicopathological characteristics of NeoRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. (PubMed, Transl Oncol)
    Original RAS variants in tissue, tumor diameter, and liver metastasis are related to conversion to NeoRAS WT mCRC in ctDNA.
    Journal • Observational data • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • CEACAM5 (CEA Cell Adhesion Molecule 5)
    |
    KRAS mutation • RAS mutation • RAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation
    |
    OncoBEAM RAS CRC kit
    10ms
    Panitumumab With or Without Trametinib in Treating Patients With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=59, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jan 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 --> Jan 2024
    Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
    |
    KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MAP2K1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1)
    |
    KRAS mutation • BRAF mutation • NRAS mutation • KRAS wild-type • RAS wild-type • NRAS wild-type • KRAS exon 2 mutation • EGFR S492R • KRAS exon 2 wild-type
    |
    Mekinist (trametinib) • Vectibix (panitumumab)