KIT fusion

Two patients died from infection following transplantation. Afatinib plus allo-HSCT may be an effective and safe new treatment strategy for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 positive AML patients with KIT-D816 mutation.

2 patients did not achieve continuous RUNX1: : RUNX1T1 negative after preemptive therapy with Decitabine (DAC) and donor lymph infusion (DLI), and then was treated with Avapritinib, one's RUNX1: : RUNX1T1 fusion achieved continuously negative after 1 month treatment of Avapritinib, the other's achieved continuous negative after 7 months treatment of Avapritinib. Avapritinib is safe and effective in the prophylactic and preemptive treatment of AML with KIT mutation after allo-HSCT in children, which provides a clinical drug for the prevention of relapse after transplantation.

We suggest an oncogenic mechanism that involves the overexpression of KITLG caused by its rearrangement with HMGA2, leading to the constitutive activation of KIT kinase. While MDM2 amplification was observed in both the primary tumor and the relapsed tumor, the HMGA2::KITLG was only present in the relapsed tumor, indicating the role of HMGA2::KITLG in disease progression.

Secondary rearrangement involving EML4-ALK which places the fusion gene under control of a new promoter may be a novel mechanism of resistance to crizotinib in IMT (and potentially other ALK-fusion-driven malignancies). Alectinib, a more potent ALK inhibitor, overcame resistance in this case. More broadly, this study exemplifies the importance of molecular testing in the setting of resistance to targeted therapy to inform clinical decision making.

This type of mutation is mostly found in the non-tyrosine kinase domain. Investigating the PDGFRA map and PDGFRA inhibitors has significant exploratory value.

Our results demonstrated the synergistic effect of Chidamide with Cladribine on cell growth arrest, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in AML and primary cells with genetic defects by targeting HDAC2/c-Myc/RCC1 signaling in AML. Our data provide experimental evidence for the undergoing clinical trial (Clinical Trial ID: NCT05330364) of Chidamide plus Cladribine as a new potential regimen in AML.

Our analysis confirms that most cases of EMC are positive for INSM1. However, the diagnostic utility of this marker is limited by the fact that only 50% of cases show a strong INSM1 expression in most tumour cells. Furthermore, our study highlights that EMC with alternative gene partners may present with unusual morphology.

Moreover, laboratory workflows are distinct for FFPE tissue specimens and liquid biopsies as well as time-consuming for sample quality control assays. In summary, the DNA-based next-generation sequencing approaches may be suitable for routine molecular pathology diagnostics on careful data interpretation and further optimization of the technical and laboratory workflows.

Molecular detection is an indispensable technique for diagnosing cellular EMCs. The KIT mutations noted in this case report may offer fresh insights into EMCs treatment options.

"The introduction of NGS techniques provides additional information about tumour molecular alterations that can aid the multimodal management of glioma patients. Patients with gliomas positive for particular targetable gene fusions may benefit from experimental therapeutics, enhancing their quality of life and prolonging survival rates."