Kineret (anakinra)

In this pediatric cohort of cr-FMF patients, both anakinra and canakinumab were effective in reducing disease activity and inflammation. Anakinra offered rapid symptom relief but had frequent injection site reactions. Canakinumab provided sustained control with fewer local side effects but required monitoring for rare complications.

P2, N=0, Withdrawn, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | N=26 --> 0 | Trial completion date: May 2024 --> May 2026 | Active, not recruiting --> Withdrawn | Trial primary completion date: May 2024 --> May 2026

P2, N=159, Not yet recruiting, Beijing Tiantan Hospital

Further escalation of therapy with tocilizumab and etoposide yielded insufficient, partial improvement. The patient was then discharged on a stable dose of ruxolitinib, anakinra and prednisone. This case illustrates the therapeutic challenges in managing refractory MAS and highlights the emerging role of targeted therapies such as emapalumab and JAK inhibitors in treatment-refractory cases.

P1, N=13, Completed, Baylor Research Institute | Unknown status --> Completed

P1, N=20, Not yet recruiting, Northwestern University

Mechanistically, IL1 receptor blockade (anakinra) or JAK inhibition (AZD1480) reverses both iCAF and myCAF phenotypes and functionally suppresses stromal-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as cancer stemness in breast cancer cells. These findings establish a mechanistic link between obese cues, stromal plasticity, and breast cancer progression, and reveal IL1/JAK signaling as a tractable axis to therapeutically reprogram the breast cancer stroma.

P2, N=204, Suspended, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Aug 2026

P3, N=110, Not yet recruiting, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

P2, N=2000, Not yet recruiting, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Phase classification: P3 --> P2 | Trial completion date: Apr 2032 --> May 2031 | Trial primary completion date: May 2029 --> Jun 2028

IL-1 inhibitors, such as anakinra, rilonacept, and canakinumab, have been introduced as adjunctive treatments...The control group consisted of patients receiving colchicine treatment only...However, differences were noted in FSH, total testosterone, and GH levels, with higher FSH and GH in the control group and higher testosterone in the experimental group. Although IL-1 plays a role in hormone secretion pathways, further studies are needed to better understand the effect of IL-1 antagonists on pituitary function, as no significant adrenal or pituitary insufficiencies were observed.

Despite treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous anakinra (100 mg every 6 h), his condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to multiorgan failure and death. HLH secondary to ICIs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients receiving immunotherapy who develop unexplained fever and cytopenia. Early recognition and prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy are critical to improving outcomes in this potentially fatal complication.