P3, N=636, Recruiting, Sanofi | N=390 --> 636 | Trial completion date: Sep 2026 --> Sep 2028 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> Sep 2027

Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors were ineffective or poorly tolerated, whereas tofacitinib and upadacitinib induced rapid and durable improvement across articular, cutaneous, vascular and pulmonary domains. These observations support a role for JAK-STAT signalling in MRH and suggest JAK inhibition as a rational therapeutic option in refractory multisystem disease.

P1/2, N=10, Completed, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | Enrolling by invitation --> Completed | N=20 --> 10 | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 --> May 2026

P1, N=20, Recruiting, University of Kansas Medical Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1/2, N=20, Recruiting, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center | N=39 --> 20

TLR3 and TLR7 agonists induce IFN-driven monocyte activation in PWH, which is effectively modulated by JAK-STAT inhibitors. These findings support their potential as therapeutic agents to mitigate inflammation in chronic HIV infection.

This narrative review briefly summarizes conventional and biologic therapies in PMR and focuses on JAK inhibitors, particularly baricitinib and tofacitinib. Although short-term safety appears acceptable, long-term risks, including cardiovascular events, infections, and malignancy, require further evaluation. Ongoing phase III trials will better define their role in achieving remission without systemic glucocorticoid use and in guiding personalized treatment strategies in PMR.

P2, N=8, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=8, Completed, Duke University | Recruiting --> Completed | N=75 --> 8

P2, N=51, Not yet recruiting, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

TNF-α and IL-6 are associated with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes of TAK and differential treatment responses, providing a basis for endotype-driven, precision therapy in TAK.

This case report describes a 75-year-old female patient with deficient mismatch repair sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma who developed severe multi-organ irAEs, including myositis, hepatitis, and steroid-refractory myocarditis 25 days after receiving QL1706 (a PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody)...The clinical course was further complicated by endocrine involvement and hematological toxicity following second-line immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil...However, the significant infection risk underlines the necessity for vigilant monitoring and prophylactic strategies. Further prospective studies are needed to define the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in this setting.