ITIH5 (Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 5)

Importantly, elevated ITIH6 expression correlates with favorable prognosis and was more pronounced in tumors with single lesions, suggesting its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker in CCA. Taken together, these findings highlight the unique structural and functional features of ITIH6 and emphasize its potential clinical significance in cancer biology.

Our findings highlight the ITIH family's potential as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets, particularly in gastric cancer. The identification of ITIH1 inhibitors and their association with immune checkpoints, TMB, and MSI paves the way for improved diagnostics, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy predictions, enhancing patient outcomes across diseases.

Our study revealed the potential application of targeting SAMD1 in HCC treatment by enhancing ferroptosis sensitivity and immune response.

Our results suggest that the upregulation of ITIH5 is particularly abundant in intrahepatic CCAs (iCCA). The mechanisms mediating the strong initial upregulation of ITIH5 during the oncogenic transformation of bile duct cells are still unclear.

Combining ITIH5 with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) enhanced CA19-9's diagnostic effectiveness. In conclusion, serum ITIH5 may serve as a novel noninvasive cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic marker.

This may lead to altered cell migration and focal adhesion formation. These cellular alterations may contribute to the metastasis-inhibiting properties of ITIH5 in pancreatic cancer.

We further shed light on the mode of action of ITIH5 based on the available data. The review will provide a new perspective on ITIH5 as an anti-metastatic protein and hopefully serve as an impetus for future studies towards the application of ITIH5 for clinical intervention in targeting metastatic cancers.