This delivery system could not only induce the pyroptosis of OSCC cells, but also promote the secretion of functional chemokines (e.g., CCL3) and cytokines (e.g., IL-18) to boost NK cell-based immunotherapy. The strategy demonstrated herein could be a promising strategy to enhance the NK cell-based immunotherapy for solid tumors.

Second, the recent advancements in immunoimaging and the development trends in immunotherapy are summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions in this field are comprehensively deliberated.

Furthermore, we established a comprehensive SPP1-related M2 macrophage signature that can predict the prognosis and immune characteristics of patients with NPC. Our findings offer new insights into the role of SPP1 in the tumor microenvironment of NPC, and provide a novel SPP1-driven M2 macrophage signature with the potential to serve as a valuable tool for prognosis prediction and personalized therapy in NPC.

These findings reveal the prognostic importance of FAM in PCa, providing novel insights into prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for PCa management.

SarcLynch, the largest multicentric series describing sarcomas developed in patients with LS, revealed an enrichment in patients with pleomorphic sarcomas - especially UPS and pRMS. This finding strongly supports screening for MMR status evaluation in these rare histotypes both for oncogenetic screening and therapeutic interest. Considering an objective response rate of 50 %, access to immunotherapy should be considered in these tumours.

Cancer stem cells are pivotal in the mechanisms of immune evasion within the tumor microenvironment and have a substantial impact on treatment results. This study experimentally validated MRPL17 as a promising prognostic biomarker, emphasizing the need to target liver cancer stem cells to improve patient prognosis and enhance treatment effectiveness.

In this study, we successfully synthesized mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) with photothermal effects for the co-delivery of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the immune adjuvant imiquimod (R837), resulting in the development of a multifunctional nanoplatforms termed MDR. Intratumoral injection in breast cancer-bearing mice further demonstrated that the MDR + NIR group significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to other groups, with no apparent side effects. In conclusion, the multifunctional nanoplatforms integrating photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are expected to provide a novel therapeutic approach for the multimodal treatment of breast cancer.

KRAS mutation subtypes demonstrate varying clinical outcomes. Although no statistically significant differences were observed in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS), bone metastases were identified as a significant adverse prognostic factor, nearly doubling the risk of mortality (HR: 2.72, p < 0.001) regardless of KRAS subtype or co-mutation status. These findings underscore the importance of personalized treatment approaches tailored to the genetic profiles of patients with advanced NSCLC.

Our findings suggest that APMGS has potential to predict the prognosis, and molecular and immune characteristics of HNSCC, and may also serve as an indicator for immunotherapy benefit.

In unselected patients with colon cancer having dMMR, recurrence risk is very low after surgery. Assuming a curative effect of neoadjuvant immunotherapy beyond surgery alone, the NNT would be at least 20 patients to prevent one cancer death over surgery alone.

Moreover, the tumors of these patients presented high enrichment scores for NK cells, antitumor cytokines, and Th1 signatures, and a low enrichment score for cancer-associated fibroblasts. This study shows the molecular characteristics associated with the efficacy of pembrolizumab in BTC of the MSS type.

Different tumor models in vivo demonstrated that DTX2 inhibitor treatment inhibited tumor growth and sensitized HCC cells to the therapeutic effects of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody. In summary, this study identifies DTX2 as a potential target for HCC immunotherapy.

Our analysis revealed that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, might play an important role in improving the effectiveness of treatment in patients with cancer. This study provides new perspectives on treatment options for HR-positive breast cancers, promoting ongoing research and improvements in therapeutic approaches.

Immunotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of CRC, particularly in patients with MSI-H/dMMR tumors. However, many challenges remain, especially in treating pMMR/MSS CRC. This review discussed the need for further research into combination therapies, biomarker development, CAR-T cell therapy, and a deeper understanding of immune evasion mechanisms for CRC treatment.

To achieve this, the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphorus (TPP) was linked to photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) to form TPP-Ce6 (TCe6), which was then self-assembled with copper ions and thymopentin (TP5) to obtain TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs...Moreover, TP5 significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes to further amplify the cancer immunity cycle. Collectively, our TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs effectively facilitate drug accumulation and activate systemic antitumor immunity in vitro and in vivo, providing an innovative solution across the BBB that potentiates GBM immunotherapy.

In conclusion, we created a novel ICG signature that has the potential to predict the survival and drug sensitivity of BRCA patients. Furthermore, this study indicated that MAP2K6 may serve as a novel target for BRCA therapy.

This review focuses on mechanisms underlying MHC I downregulation include gene deletion and mutation, transcriptional inhibition, reduced mRNA stability, increased protein degradation, and disruption of endocytic trafficking. We also provide a comprehensive review of small molecules that restore or upregulate MHC I expression, as well as clinical trials involving the combination of ICIs and these small molecule drugs.

Additionally, the combination of these two engineered strains yielded the highest ratio of M1/M2 TAMs (0.80) and the lowest ratio of F4/80+SIRPα+TAMs (3.46 %) than single strain therapy. Our study expanded the potential of engineered bacteria as pharmaceutical factories for in vivo therapeutic applications.

In addition, photothermal therapy enabled tumor cells to release tumor-associated antigen and injury-related molecular patterns, promote the maturation and metastasis of dendritic cells, and further activate the body's specific antitumor immune response. By combining photothermal therapy with immunotherapy, the HA-HMCuS nanomotor demonstrated even more robust tumor ablation and suppression effects.

Patients were assigned to treatment groups based on genomic profiles: Group 1, alpelisib; Group 2, poziotinib; Group 3, nintedanib; and Group 4, abemaciclib. If there was no identifiable target, the patients were allocated to Group 5 (durvalumab ± tremelimumab)...Furthermore, TP53 mutations were strongly associated with poor overall survival than TP53 wild-type in all the patients (11.1 vs. 28.8 months, p=0.005) and in Group 5 (8.1 vs. 33.0 months, p=0.001). TP53 mutations were associated with aggressive clinical characteristics and poor survival, particularly in HNSCC patients treated with immunotherapy.

A strong relationship between cancer stemness and the response to immunotherapy has been identified in our study. This finding provides valuable insights for devising efficient strategies to address immune evasion by targeting the regulation of genes associated with cellular stemness.

Through deconvolution of large-scale bulk transcriptomes, integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and multiparametric flow cytometry, we confirmed a strong association between neoantigen load and CD8+ T cell exhaustion. This study provides a comprehensive landscape of AML neoantigens derived from driver mutations, offering putative immunogenic targets and emphasizing the need for strategies to revitalize the immunosuppressive milieu.

In an orthotopic GBM mouse model, CSSOssMIT@MM-PEP20 increased GAMs-mediated phagocytosis of GBM cells by 5.01-fold and enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration by 8.63-fold, demonstrating significant GBM inhibition. Overall, this study presents a noninvasive strategy to traverse the BBTB and modulate GAMs phagocytosis, thereby facilitating effective anti-GBM chemo-immunotherapy.

The prediction model not only reflects the strong correlation between gene expression and LUSC prognosis, but also provides clinicians with an effective tool to predict patients' survival prospects. In the future, this model is expected to guide the development of individualized treatment plans, thereby improving the quality of life and overall prognosis of patients.

The findings of this cohort study demonstrate a strong and independent deep learning-based feature associated with ICI response in patients with NSCLC across various cohorts. Clinical use of this deep learning model could refine treatment precision and better identify patients who are likely to benefit from ICI for treatment of advanced NSCLC.

Additionally, molecules related to immune microenvironment, immunogenicity, epigenetics, and SCLC itself also indicated the therapeutic benefits of ICIs, becoming potential predictive biomarkers. In this review, we discussed the advances of biomarkers for prediction and prognosis of immunotherapy, promising directions in the future, and provide reference and options for precision immunotherapy and survival improvement in patients with SCLC.

The high reliability of our signature to predict response and PFS after ICI treatment was demonstrated using experimental and 3 independent datasets. Additionally, annotated molecular profiles obtained in this study were made publicly accessible.

The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy received FDA approval for both PD-L1 positive metastatic and early-stage triple-negative breast cancer, while ongoing clinical trials seek to expand the current treatment landscape for immune checkpoint inhibitors in hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive breast cancer...Studies of cellular therapies such as tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor-T cells and T cell receptor engineered cells are promising and ongoing. This review provides an update of recent major clinical trials of immunotherapy in breast cancer and discusses future directions in the treatment of breast cancer.

This investigation illuminates the critical potential of targeting CAFs to augment immunotherapeutic approaches in prostate cancer. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the TME's complexity, advocating for further exploration into CAF-targeted therapies aimed at enhancing treatment responses and ultimately improving patient outcomes.

The findings suggest that Ansofaxine may represent a promising therapeutic approach for NSCLC patients with comorbid depression, potentially enhancing both mental well-being and cancer-related outcomes.

These findings underscore the utility of necroptosis as a biomarker to guide personalized immunotherapy strategies. By advancing precision oncology, necroptosis provides a novel avenue for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

A 55-year-old woman with Stage IIIb cutaneous melanoma, receiving adjuvant therapy with anti-PD-1, after seven cycles of pembrolizumab, developed mediastinal node enlargement and skin hypodermic nodes...A 48-year-old woman with Stage IIIb BRAF wild-type melanoma, receiving nivolumab every 4 weeks, developed systemic sarcoidosis after seven cycles, primarily affecting extrapulmonary sites...A 65-year-old man with Stage IIIb BRAF-mutant melanoma, receiving dabrafenib and trametinib, developed lung and cutaneous sarcoidosis, presenting with symptoms that led to emergency department admission. In all cases, the MDT played a crucial role in determining the course of treatment and balancing the risks of continuing or suspending cancer therapies while managing SLRs. National and international guidelines were consulted, but tailored decisions by the MDT were essential for optimizing patient care.

Combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) blockade, FeCu-DA shows synergistic enhancement in treatment under near-infrared irradiation. This study provides insights for designing efficient dual-atom nanozymes and demonstrates their potential in ICD-induced cancer immunotherapy.

Furthermore, the co-delivery of aPD-L1 and APCP via CaP nanoparticles demonstrates a synergistic anti-tumor effect, with substantial immune activation and prevention of tumor recurrence through immune memory effects. These findings suggest that the co-delivery of aPD-L1 and APCP using CaP nanoparticles is a promising approach for improving melanoma immunotherapy, achieving enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.

In summary, TR3-M-NP holds significant promise as a tumor-responsive immunotherapy agent with reduced toxicities. The bioactive platform has the potential to be used for other types of checkpoint inhibitor.

These findings demonstrate that ZBTB11 is associated with multiple tumor types and disease prognosis. ZBTB11 may represent a potential key biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.

The cytotoxicity tests of all the synthesized compounds were performed in vitro. Performed in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on the most promising compounds and conducted molecular docking analyses.

Additionally, PD18 LNP-based mRNA vaccine showed conferred resistance to cancer challenge for up to 60 days. Overall, this study offers a new perspective of using STING- activating polymer for imparting synergistic activity in mRNA vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy.

Additionally, we review recent work on how the HLA-B*07-specific p-peptide, pMLL747-755, interacts with its cognate TCR. Altogether, p-peptides are emerging as a novel class of tumor-specific antigens, expanding the range of targets in cancer immunotherapy.

In summary, RTX-IgG2 acts as a potent phagocytic enhancer by promoting Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis through apoptosis and reduction of CD47 in CD20+ malignant B-cells. RTX-IgG2 represents a valuable therapeutic component in enhancing the effectiveness of different mAbs targeting B-cell NHL.

This is a consequence of different cutoff definitions among many cancer types, age ranges, and the use of different sequencing assays, in addition to its association with other biomarkers such as PD-L1. Finally, the use of composite biomarkers to assess the genetic signature of a tumor might be the way forward to seriously use TMB as an agnostic biomarker.

LR modulates the expression of inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 through the JNK pathway, reducing intestinal inflammation without compromising REP's antitumor efficacy. Consequently, we formulated a dual strategy employing an engineered strain and probiotics to reduce the adverse effects of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.