IL4 (Interleukin 4)

This study elucidates the mechanism through which IL-4/JAK2/STAT6-mediated M2 macrophages promote glycolysis in ESCC and demonstrates that ZGY disrupts this pathway by targeting JAK2 in macrophages. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for developing ZGY as a promising tumor microenvironment-modifying therapy for ESCC.

Their combined use may increase risk stratification and allow early therapeutic intervention in endemic settings. However, longitudinal validation studies are required prior to clinical application.

At the same time, A. muciniphila administration improves cognitive deficits, alleviates neuroinflammation and Aβ deposition via AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice. In summary, our findings suggest A. muciniphila is a promising approach for preventing AD progression by microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Reduced pannus formation, bone deterioration, and synovitis were observed in tissue sections of animals treated with CMMeE and diclofenac sodium. Overall, CMMeE exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects, which may be due to TNF-α-directed downregulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.

Both A. indicum L. extract (HAEAI) and its phytomolecules effectively inhibited ionomycin-induced allergic responses, as evidenced by reduced β-hexosaminidase and histamine release, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-13). SYD, MC, and M3IC were shown to alleviate ionomycin-induced allergic symptoms, emerging as potential drug candidates for the management of allergic conditions.

This study highlights the importance of nutrition and lifestyle in managing inflammation and cognitive decline in ageing. Targeted dietary interventions which address nutrient deficiencies may help preserve cognitive health and reduce inflammation in older adults.

Our findings identify UDP as a potent immunomodulatory metabolite that restricts monocyte proliferation while promoting differentiation into dendritic-like cells with enhanced phagocytic capacity. UDP engages complex transcriptional programs that integrate innate activation with adaptive immune regulation, highlighting its potential role in immune homeostasis and inflammation control.

IL-6 may serve as a biomarker reflecting both inflammation and tissue damage in PSS. Note: CECD, corneal endothelial cell density; RECL, relative decrease in CECD loss between the affected eye and the fellow eye.

Consistently, ectopic expression of IL-4 receptor α in Mafb-deficient macrophages restored M2 phenotypes comparable to those of wild-type macrophages. These data highlight the critical cell-intrinsic role of MAFB in regulating M2-like TAMs and provide the first evidence that targeting MAFB enhances ICI efficacy in CRC by reprogramming TAMs toward an anti-tumorigenic M1-like phenotype.

These findings provide unprecedented evidence that feline macrophages activate a Th1-like cytokine pattern following in vitro infection with L. infantum. Overall, the outcomes of this investigation support the hypothesis that, when compared with dogs, the milder clinical course of leishmaniasis in cats is related to a predominant Th1-like immune response, eventually contributing to the infection control in naturally infected animals.

Recurrent depression may involve a distinct neuroimmune interaction pattern, offering potential neuroimmune biomarkers for understanding mechanisms underlying relapse.

This review highlights the multifaceted role of IL4I1 within the TME, focusing on its immune regulatory function and anti-ferroptotic function. By exploring IL4I1's function in regulating different immune cell subsets and new role in promoting tumor resistance to ferroptosis, we discuss the major unanswered questions about how IL4I1 regulates tumor immunity, and propose the significance of developing targeted therapies that inhibit IL4I1, potentially in combination with inhibitors targeting IDO1 or immune checkpoints, to enhance antitumor immunity and improve clinical outcomes of cancer patients.