ifosfamide

After transient benefit from first-line doxorubicin plus ifosfamide chemotherapy, the disease progressed despite second-line PD-1 inhibitor combined with anlotinib. Treatment was subsequently switched to cadonilimab, a PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody, in combination therapy, resulting in a progression-free survival of more than 24 months. This outcome appears encouraging compared with previously reported CCS benchmarks; however, given the single-case nature and combined treatment strategy, the specific contribution of cadonilimab should be interpreted with caution.

This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing SS, given its subtle clinical findings, slow growth, and atypical presentation. Multidisciplinary care is essential for optimizing diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Prompt recognition and comprehensive care can improve patients' prognosis.

P2/3, N=140, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Mar 2026

P2, N=37, Suspended, David Bond, MD | Recruiting --> Suspended

The patient received eight cycles of alternating VDC/IE (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide / ifosfamide, etoposide) chemotherapy, resulting in a significant reduction in the primary tumor and resolution of the IVC thrombus and skeletal metastases. This case underscores the utility of a multimodal approach, where neoadjuvant chemotherapy can effectively downstage even metastatic disease, facilitating surgical resection. However, the overall prognosis remains poor, particularly for metastatic presentations, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and less toxic therapeutic regimens.

Following eight cycles of ifosfamide plus epirubicin chemotherapy, tumor burden was reduced by more than 90%. Although first-line chemotherapy produced marked pulmonary tumor regression, subsequent anlotinib maintenance therapy did not prevent disease progression. In this PD-L1-positive tumor (CPS 10), sintilimab-based combination therapy yielded a marked clinical and radiographic response, supporting further investigation of ICI-based therapy in selected patients with metastatic MPT.

P3, N=306, Completed, GWT-TUD GmbH | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

This report, representing the first documented case of LLMS from Central Asia, contributes to the limited global experience with this rare tumor. Our review identified four additional LLMS cases published between 2021 and 2024, totaling five recent reports including the present case. Collectively, these demonstrate persistent male predominance, glottic and supraglottic predilection, and survival outcomes consistent with previous observations. Complete surgical excision remains the cornerstone of therapy, while multidisciplinary-guided adjuvant treatment may benefit selected high-grade or high-risk patients. Continued accumulation and molecular characterization of cases are needed to refine prognostic assessment and optimize management strategies.

We report the case of a 26-year-old man with a primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor who progressed despite multimodal therapy, including etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy, high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous stem cell transplantation, gemcitabine and paclitaxel, surgical debulking, and radiation therapy. No further disease-directed therapies were available, and he ultimately died from progressive metastatic disease. This case highlights the aggressive biology of platinum-resistant primary mediastinal yolk sac tumors, illustrates primary resistance to programmed death-1 inhibition, and underscores the urgent need for more effective salvage strategies in this high-risk population.

Postoperatively, the patient received chemotherapy with epirubicin combined with ifosfamide. Follow-up showed no significant evidence of metastasis or recurrence. This report aims to provide clinical reference regarding the imaging findings and diagnosis of this rare disease, primary renal synovial sarcoma.

Interim PET/CT revealed in-field thoracic regression but widespread systemic progression; cisplatin-etoposide was added during the remaining RT course, followed by multisite palliative RT and consolidation cisplatin-etoposide-ifosfamide chemotherapy. This case suggests that staged, dose-escalated adaptive thoracic RT is feasible in selected patients with disseminated PPNC and compromised pulmonary function, providing durable in-field control and meaningful symptom palliation as part of a multimodal treatment approach. Molecular confirmation by NGS is essential for non-BRD4 fusions, and systemic therapy should be incorporated as early as safely feasible to address the high risk of distant dissemination.

This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of PSA in young adults presenting with unexplained anemia and splenic lesions. Bone marrow findings may be misleadingly reactive, underscoring the importance of histopathological confirmation of splenic tissue. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention remain critical given the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of this malignancy.