ICOSLG overexpression

In this retrospective study, we searched for a gene signature potentially predictive of the response to the addition of cetirizine to checkpoint inhibition (nivolumab or pembrolizumab with or without previous ipilimumab). ICOSLG expression was associated with CD64, a specific marker of M1 macrophages, at baseline in the patient samples who received cetirizine concomitantly with checkpoint inhibitors, but this association was not present in subjects who had not received cetirizine. In conclusion, our results show that the clinical advantage of concomitant treatment with cetirizine during checkpoint inhibition in patients with malignant melanoma is associated with high ICOSLG expression, which could predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade.

However, the efficacy and survival of Olaparib in some patients is dismal, in which the effective molecular biomarkers remain to be explored. Total 60 patients (January 2016 to March 2021) received Olaparib (300 mg, BID) with or without Bevacizumab (7.5-15 mg/kg, once every 21 days) (PSR OCs, N=19; Non-PSR OCs, N = 41), and undergo HRD test by AmoyDx® HRD Focus Panel (HRD-positive, GSS score ≥ 50 or BRCA1/2 mutated). In the study, we confirmed that HRD-positive patients can benefit from Olaparib therapy, and have a good prognosis. ICOSLGhigh and ICOSLGhigh & DLX2high, as potential biomarkers of survival and Olaparib efficacy, may help to better identify patients who will benefit most from Olaparib treatment and require further validation in clinical studies.

miR-331-3p, which is downregulated in GC tissues, functions as a negative regulator of ICOSLG4. Targeting miR-331-3p/ICOSLG4 axis could potentially suppress GC progression.

These findings suggest that the expression of FasL and ICOSLG at baseline may help identify patients who will respond to treatment with pembrolizumab.