hydroxychloroquine

We have previously shown that the combination of GPH (gemcitabine, paricalcitol, and hydroxychloroquine) influences PDAC TME. Targeting integrin αvβ3 using ProAgio modulates the PDAC TME by improving perfusion, reducing hypoxia, reversing EMT, and alleviating immune suppression. ProAgio potentiates the effects of GPH therapy, which should be evaluated in future trials.

P2, N=25, Completed, University Hospital, Rouen | Unknown status --> Completed

P1/2, N=31, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> May 2026

P1/2, N=57, Active, not recruiting, Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium | Trial completion date: Jun 2030 --> Mar 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2026

P=N/A, N=60, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

P=N/A, N=60, Recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hospital); The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Southwest Hos | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Aug 2025 --> Nov 2025

REVOLUTION cohorts A and B demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in patients with mPDAC. In cohort B, hydroxychloroquine-related tolerability issues contributed to early discontinuations and reduced drug exposure. These findings highlight the potential and limitations of current chemoimmunotherapy approaches. Although neither cohort will be expanded, the results reinforce the continued promise of chemoimmunotherapy in mPDAC and the importance of refining these strategies.

P2, N=10, Completed, Emory University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P4, N=10, Not yet recruiting, University of California, San Francisco

During this period, she received escalating immunosuppression with corticosteroids, mycophenolate, and cyclophosphamide...Immunosuppression was de-escalated to hydroxychloroquine alone with no recurrence at 14-month follow-up...Cardiac myxomas produce IL-6 in the majority of patients (frequency >75%), and systemic constitutional signs are observed in a substantial proportion, though not uniformly. This can produce IL-6-mediated inflammation indistinguishable from autoimmune flares.

P=N/A, N=186, Not yet recruiting, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine

In addition, we critically appraise clinical attempts to modulate autophagy (e.g., with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) or mTOR inhibitors), outlining reasons for mixed outcomes and proposing practical solutions for future trials. Finally, potential targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed, including approaches to inhibit cytoprotective autophagy and strategies to induce autophagy-dependent cell death using novel small-molecule activators. Collectively, the evidence supports a model in which precise, context-aware modulation of autophagy-guided by pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers and molecular stratification-will be key to improving outcomes in lung cancer.