News - HRAS Q61R - LARVOL VERI

2ms

Validation of thyroid fine needle aspiration rinse with indeterminate cytology results as a suitable sample type for molecular testing (ECP 2024)

FNA rinses are a suitable source to perform molecular analysis after morphological evaluation maximizing diagnostic efficiency. Additionally, BRAF V600E is not the sole pathogenic alteration in thyroid cancer, so expanding tests to include other molecular alterations may enhance diagnostic utility using this available material.

2 months ago

Cytology

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

Oncomine Focus Assay

7ms

Crystal structure of NRAS Q61K with a ligand-induced pocket near switch II. (PubMed, Eur J Cell Biol)

This observation reveals a binding site that can potentially be exploited for development of inhibitors against mutant NRAS. Furthermore, the well-resolved catalytic site of this GTPase bound to native GTP provides insight into the stalled GTP hydrolysis observed for NRAS-Q61K.

7 months ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • NRAS Q61K • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R • KRAS Q61K

11ms

RAS Family Gene Mutations, Clinicopathological Features, and Spread Patterns of Inverted Urothelial Papilloma of the Bladder. (PubMed, Am J Surg Pathol)

No recurrence or carcinoma development was observed in any of the IUP cases during the follow-up period. Thus, we confirmed the importance of RAS pathway activation in IUP pathogenesis, an association between RAS family gene mutations and IUP subtypes, and the spread patterns of IUP cells within the surface.

11 months ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • FGFR3 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)

TP53 mutation • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

1year

Confirmation of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma using RAS Q61R immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. (PubMed, Front Vet Sci)

We found that all 23 CAAs showed diffuse and strong membranous RAS Q61R immunoreactivity (100% sensitivity), while none of the 8 OSCCs showed immunoreactivity (100% specificity). The data supports the use of RAS Q61R-specific rabbit monoclonal antibody for diagnostic IHC confirmation of CAA and ruling out OSCC in dogs.

1 year ago

Journal

BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

BRAF mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • NRAS Q61L • HRAS Q61L • BRAF V595E • HRAS Q61R

over1year

A Shift in Molecular Drivers of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Following the 2017 WHO Classification: Characterization of 554 Consecutive Tumors with Emphasis on BRAF-Negative Cases. (PubMed, Mod Pathol)

Driver gene fusions were identified in 8.5% of PTCs and were clinically relevant given the emerging targeted kinase inhibitor therapy. Of the 1.6% of cases for which no driver alteration was detected, the specificity of drivers tested and tumor classification require further investigation.

over 1 year ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • NTRK1 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1) • NTRK3 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3) • FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

BRAF V600E • BRAF V600 • NTRK1 fusion • NTRK3 fusion • RET fusion • ALK fusion • RAS mutation • NRAS Q61K • NRAS Q61 • BRAF fusion • NRAS Q61R • FGFR1 fusion • HRAS Q61R • KRAS Q61K

FusionPlex® Pan Solid Tumor v2 panel

over1year

Whole-exome sequencing of secondary tumors arising from nevus sebaceous revealed additional genomic alterations besides RAS mutations. (PubMed, J Dermatol)

In conclusion, our study revealed that secondary tumors arising from NS harbor known RAS hotspot mutations and additional genomic alterations, including putative driver mutations and PTCH1 copy-loss. These results could help to define the high-risk group for tumor development in patients with NS and provide evidence for prophylactic resection.

over 1 year ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • MYCN (MYCN Proto-Oncogene BHLH Transcription Factor) • PTCH1 (Patched 1) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus)

TP53 mutation • KRAS G12C • KRAS G12D • RAS mutation • HRAS G13R • KRAS G12 • NRAS Q61R • PTCH1 mutation • KRAS G13 • NRAS G12 • HRAS G12C • HRAS Q61R • HRAS G13R • SMO W535L • TP53 R213

almost2years

Deploying Afirma Xpression Atlas for Cytologically Indeterminate, Afirma GSC Suspicious Thyroid Nodules: A Single Institution Study with Clinicopathologic and Molecular Outcomes (USCAP 2023)

XA improved risk stratification and identification of malignant thyroid disease with a very high ROM in GSC “suspicious” nodules. Although a negative XA result was associated with lower RoM in our cohort, a negative XA result should not be used as a “rule-out” test.

almost 2 years ago

Clinical

BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • PDGFRB (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta) • FGFR4 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4)

NRAS Q61R • BRAF K601E • HRAS Q61R • BRAF K601

Afirma® Genomic Sequencing Classifier

almost2years

Characterization of Molecular Divers in 554 Consecutive Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas in a Post-2017 WHO Classification Cohort (USCAP 2023)

In this post-2017 WHO classification cohort of 554 consecutive PTCs, BRAF V600E mutation is highly prevalent in 87% of the cases. RAS mutations account for only 1.1% of the cases and half of them are classified as encapsulated follicular variant of PTC. Kinase gene fusions are identified in 8.5% of the cases and are clinically relevant given the emerging targeted kinase inhibitor therapy.

almost 2 years ago

BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • NTRK1 fusion • NTRK3 fusion • RET fusion • ALK fusion • RAS mutation • NRAS Q61K • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • BRAF fusion • NRAS Q61R • FGFR1 fusion • NTRK1 mutation • HRAS Q61R • KRAS Q61K

FusionPlex® Pan Solid Tumor v2 panel • VENTANA anti-BRAF V600E (VE1) Mouse Monoclonal Primary Antibody

almost2years

Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier with Afirma Xpression Atlas Results on Thyroid Nodules (USCAP 2023)

Afirma XA detected abnormalities in approximately one-third of Afirma GSC suspicious nodules, of which RAS mutations were the most common finding (68%). Two-thirds of cases labeled suspicious by Afirma GSC did not reveal gene mutations or fusions by Afirma XA testing, suggesting other unknown genetic alterations requiring further investigation.

almost 2 years ago

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • NTRK3 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • ETV6 (ETS Variant Transcription Factor 6) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus) • DICER1 (Dicer 1 Ribonuclease III) • PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma) • PAX8 (Paired box 8) • TBL1XR1 (TBL1X Receptor 1)

BRAF V600E • BRAF V600 • KRAS G12V • RAS mutation • RET mutation • NRAS Q61K • KRAS G12 • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • NRAS G12 • HRAS Q61R • KRAS Q61K

Afirma® Genomic Sequencing Classifier

2years

HRAS Alteration Is Retained in the Heterogeneous Components of the Non-Invasive Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (AMP 2022)

HRAS mutation, a well-known genetic alteration of low-grade tumor in bladder cancer, was detected only in the high-grade UTUC in the public data, suggesting a rather distinct molecular alteration of UTUC. Also, HRAS alteration was clonally retained in not only the low-grade but also the high-grade components, and was significantly correlated to intratumoral heterogeneity. Our findings can help understand the underlying biology of NI-UTUC cases with HRAS alteration and intratumoral heterogeneity.

2 years ago

HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • NRAS Q61L • HRAS Q61L • HRAS Q61R

over2years

EIF1AX mutations in thyroid nodules: analysis of a series of 1095 consecutive cases (ECP 2022)

EIF1AX mutations are RAS-like alterations found in benign follicular-patterned thyroid nodules (hyperplastic nodules and follicular adenomas) where, in a small minority of cases, they may co-exist with other RAS-like mutations. No EIF1AX mutations were found in 172 papillary, 14 follicular, 12 oncocytic, 10 medullary carcinomas. The only malignant tumour with EIF1AX mutation in the series was an undifferentiated carcinoma with co-mutated highly pathogenic alterations (PIK3CA and TERT promoter).

over 2 years ago

Clinical

PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) • RAS (Rat Sarcoma Virus) • GNAS (GNAS Complex Locus) • EIF1AX (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1A X-Linked)

NRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • RAS mutation • NRAS Q61K • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

over2years

Significance of the Q61R and Q61K HRAS mutations in thyroid cancer: from in silico discovery to in vitro and in vivo testing. (EACR 2022)

Finally, in zebrafish embryo xenograft assay, a time-dependent increase of cell proliferation and migration was observed only in embryos injected with Q61R. Conclusion Although other experiments are needed, our data suggest exploring the molecular characterization of RASmutation to better discriminate more aggressive RAS-mutated TCs.

over 2 years ago

Preclinical

BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • GLI2 (GLI Family Zinc Finger 2) • PAX8 (Paired box 8)

NRAS mutation • RAS mutation • NRAS Q61K • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

almost3years

RET Splice Site Variants in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (USCAP 2022)

Irrespective of the driving mutation, SSVs in RET occured in high frequency in MTC. The identification of RET SSVs in MTC might represent a novel diagnostic feature for this tumor and may represent an opportunity for better understanding its pathogenesis. Additional work is needed to explore any potential options for targeted therapy for MTC with RET SSVs.

almost 3 years ago

RET (Ret Proto-Oncogene) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

RET mutation • RET M918T • HRAS mutation • HRAS G13R • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R • HRAS G13R

TruSight Tumor 170 Assay

3years

Response to immunotherapy in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore))

This case suggests that immunotherapy in patients with ATC based upon PD-L1 evaluation provides a therapeutic option. Targeting programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 may provide a much-needed treatment option for patients with advanced ATC.

3 years ago

Clinical • Journal • Tumor Mutational Burden • MSi-H Biomarker • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker

TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

PD-L1 expression • TP53 mutation • TMB-H • MSI-H/dMMR • PD-L1 overexpression • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

Keytruda (pembrolizumab) • AiRuiKa (camrelizumab) • AiTan (rivoceranib)

over3years

Composite pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma: analysis of SDH and ATRX status and identification of frequent HRAS and BRAF mutations. (PubMed, Endocr Connect)

We demonstrated that composite PCC/PGL-GN might be a unique entity with frequent HRAS and BRAF mutations rather than genetic changes of SDH and ATRX. Our findings revealed the possible pathogenesis of composite PCC/PGL-GN and provided clues for potential treatment targets.

over 3 years ago

Journal

BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • ATRX (ATRX Chromatin Remodeler) • SDHB (Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B)

BRAF mutation • HRAS mutation • HRAS G13R • NRAS Q61R • BRAF K601E • NRAS Q61L • HRAS Q61L • HRAS Q61R • HRAS G13R • BRAF K601

over3years

NRAS Q61R Immunohistochemical Staining in Thyroid Pathology: Sensitivity, Specificity and Utility. (PubMed, Histopathology)

Conclusion NRAS Q61R IHC is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of RAS Q61R mutations in thyroid pathology and is particularly relevant in follicular-patterned neoplasms. When evaluated alongside histologic features, NRAS Q61R immunoreactivity can be instrumental in the diagnosis and classification of thyroid nodules.

over 3 years ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

NRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

over3years

[VIRTUAL] Genetic landscape of melanoma in China reveals enrichment of fusions in driver-negative melanoma. (ASCO 2021)

As was reported, AGAP3-BRAF fusion was the mechanism by which melanoma patients with BRAF V600E mutations developed resistance to vemurafenib; GTF2I-BRAF fusion mediated the activation of MAPK pathway in fibrous astrocytoma... Through DNA-based NGS, the mutation landscape of Chinese melanoma patients was depicted . BRAF was the most frequently mutated driver gene with the main mutation type of V600E (19.7%) which was significantly lower than that of white race in TCGA-SKCM database (44.2%) . On the other hand, DNA-based NGS can detect potentially druggable fusions, and compared with driver positive melanoma patients, fusions were enriched in patients with no driver mutations detected .

over 3 years ago

EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • MYC (V-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • NF1 (Neurofibromin 1) • GNAQ (G Protein Subunit Alpha Q) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • FGF19 (Fibroblast growth factor 19) • GNA11 (G Protein Subunit Alpha 11) • CDK4 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 4) • FGF3 (Fibroblast growth factor 3) • FGF4 (Fibroblast growth factor 4) • TPM3 (Tropomyosin 3) • DCTN1 (Dynactin Subunit 1) • RICTOR (RPTOR Independent Companion Of MTOR Complex 2)

BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • HER-2 amplification • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • MET amplification • MYC amplification • NF1 mutation • ALK fusion • HRAS mutation • CCND1 amplification • NRAS Q61 • BRAF fusion • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

Onco PanScan™

Zelboraf (vemurafenib)

over3years

[VIRTUAL] Characterization and targeted therapy using patient tumor-derived 3-D spheroids in a metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer model (AACR 2021)

This tumor was obtained from a patient with mCRPC who progressed on enzalutamide, abiraterone, cabazitaxel, and had exposure to docetaxel, however discontinued due to toxicity...Single agents (abemaciclib, bafetinib, erdafitinib, tipifarnib, MK2206, APR-246) all caused dose dependent inhibition up to 100% inhibition. This rare prostate cancer model, GUR017M allows us to test novel single agents and combination strategies in 3-D culture. This patient tumor has also proven to be a successful PDTX model which allows for confirmatory testing in animal models in order to move forward with clinical trial proposals.

over 3 years ago

Clinical • Preclinical

TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • FGF3 (Fibroblast growth factor 3) • LYN (LYN Proto-Oncogene Src Family Tyrosine Kinase)

TP53 mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

docetaxel • Verzenio (abemaciclib) • Xtandi (enzalutamide capsule) • Balversa (erdafitinib) • abiraterone acetate • Zarnestra (tipifarnib) • MK-2206 • eprenetapopt (APR-246) • cabazitaxel • bafetinib (INNO-406)

over3years

Cross reactivity of NRASQ61R antibody in a subset of Spitz nevi with 11p gain: A potential confounding factor in the era of pathway-based diagnostic approach. (PubMed, Hum Pathol)

All the cases of our cohort were essentially negative for PRAME immunohistochemistry. In the era of pathway-based approach in the diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasms, the cross-reactivity between the NRASQ61R and HRASQ61R mutated proteins can lead to a diagnostic pitfall in the assessment of lesions with spitzoid characteristics.

over 3 years ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma kinase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen In Melanoma)

BRAF V600E • KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • BRAF V600 • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • PRAME expression • HRAS Q61R

almost4years

The Diagnostic Utility of RAS Q61R Mutation-specific Immunohistochemistry in Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma. (PubMed, Am J Surg Pathol)

IHC for RAS Q61R is highly sensitive and specific for detecting the HRAS Q61R mutation in EMC. Since significant immunopositivity was almost exclusively identified in nearly two thirds of EMCs but seldom in the histologic mimics, the IHC of RAS Q61R is a useful tool for diagnosing EMC in general pathology laboratories.

almost 4 years ago

Journal

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

4years

[VIRTUAL] HRAS mutation is a surrogate diagnostic marker in challenging cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (ECP 2020)

We demonstrated that HRAS mutations are present in these variant EMCs. Thus assessment of HRAS status is useful in salivary gland neoplasms that do not entirely fulfil clear diagnostic criteria for EMC and cannot otherwise be classified as other entities.

4 years ago

Clinical

HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

4years

[VIRTUAL] HRAS mutation is a surrogate diagnostic marker in challenging cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (ECP 2020)

4 years ago

Clinical

HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

4years

[VIRTUAL] HRAS mutation is a surrogate diagnostic marker in challenging cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (ECP 2020)

4 years ago

Clinical

HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

4years

Clinicopathological study of intraductal carcinoma of the salivary gland, with emphasis on the apocrine type. (PubMed, Virchows Arch)

The monoclonal antibody (clone RBT-NRAS) against NRAS Q61R is a sensitive and specific marker used for detecting HRAS Q61R mutation in the salivary gland tumors. The apocrine-type IC had different cytological grades, distinct tumor growth patterns, and no evidence of low- to high-grade transition, suggesting that apocrine-type IC should be distinguished from apocrine SDC with an in situ component.

4 years ago

Clinical • Journal

HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • SOX10 (SRY-Box 10)

HER-2 amplification • PIK3CA mutation • RET fusion • RET mutation • PIK3CA amplification • HRAS mutation • RET rearrangement • NRAS Q61 • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R • PIK3CA mutation + HRAS mutation

over4years

A phase II trial of tipifarnib for patients with previously-treated, metastatic urothelial carcinoma harboring HRAS mutations. (PubMed, Clin Cancer Res)

Oral tipifarnib resulted in manageable safety profile and encouraging antitumor efficacy against treatment-refractory UC containing HRAS mutations.

over 4 years ago

Clinical • P2 data • Journal

STK11 (Serine/threonine kinase 11) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

STK11 mutation • HRAS mutation • HRAS G13R • NRAS Q61R • NRAS G12 • HRAS G12S • HRAS G12C • HRAS Q61R • HRAS G13R

Zarnestra (tipifarnib)

over4years

Tipifarnib in recurrent, metastatic HRAS-mutant salivary gland cancer. (PubMed, Cancer)

Tipifarnib resulted in modest clinical activity with a promising disease control rate among patients with HRAS-mutant, R/M SGC who developed disease progression within the last 6 months.

over 4 years ago

Journal

PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R

Zarnestra (tipifarnib)

over4years

[VIRTUAL] RAS-mutated sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: A single-center experience. (ASCO 2020)

At a tertiary cancer center, patients with RAS-mutated sMTC had a 10-year OS rate of 73%, with significantly worse OS in patients with HRAS/KRAS mutations other than HRAS Q61R. In comparison, prior studies have reported 10-year OS rates between ~71-90% in sMTC and 10-year OS rates as low as 56% for more aggressive RET M918T sMTC mutations. The findings here are consistent with other studies that have suggested patients with RAS-mutated sMTC are at intermediate risk for aggressive disease, though there are limited data on OS rates in RAS or RAS-/RET- sMTC.

over 4 years ago

Clinical

KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)

KRAS mutation • NRAS mutation • RET mutation • RET M918T • HRAS mutation • NRAS Q61R • HRAS Q61R