HRAS mutation

P2, N=40, Completed, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Jan 2026

P1/2, N=5, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | N=70 --> 5 | Recruiting --> Completed

We also found that karyotype has limited utility in the setting of NB. Based on this data, we developed an institutional workflow for NB, including MYCN FISH, CMA, and NGS.

While KRAS was long considered undruggable, the development of mutant-specific inhibitors, including covalent inhibitors targeting KRASG12C (such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib) and non-covalent inhibitors targeting KRASG12D (such as Mirati's MRTX1133), has shown promise. In cellular models of KRAS-mutated NSCLC and PDAC, this nanoplatform achieved comparable or superior therapeutic outcomes with respect to the individual drugs. This study provides a compelling proof-of-concept for the in vitro delivery of KRASG12C mutant-specific inhibitors and degraders to human tumors through a tumor microenvironment-activated nanomedicine approach and lays the groundwork for future studies in physiologically relevant models to assess TME-specific activation and tumor selectivity.

Future studies should investigate whether similar genetic alterations in morphologically normal urothelium occur in other urothelial tumors. This could refine understanding of early tumorigenesis and guide improved detection and risk assessment.

Co-occurring genetic alterations with RAS mutations markedly increased the risk of malignancy compared with isolated RAS mutations (Fisher's exact test, two-tailed p = 0.0026) and were associated with more aggressive tumor phenotypes, whereas isolated RAS mutations were more common in indolent neoplasms. Comprehensive molecular profiling is essential for accurate risk stratification and management of indeterminate thyroid nodules.

CD5, CD117 and Glut1 are diffusely expressed in MNC, but not in MNT. The genetic alterations in MNC are more diverse than those of MNT, but MNC lacks the characteristic GTF2I mutation of MNT.

P2, N=34, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Feb 2027

P2, N=35, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jan 2027

While the therapeutic associations are based on a limited cohort and require prospective validation, the integration of comprehensive genomic and single-cell profiling provides an exploratory framework that may potentially enhance diagnostic accuracy in the future. However, these associations remain preliminary and require prospective validation to confirm their clinical utility.

BRAFV600E mutation was the most common alteration observed in gangliogliomas, whereas mutations in other genes, such as FGFR1, H3K27M, KRAS, IDH1, and RAF1, were rare.

Both the breast and lung tumor exhibited the HRAS G13R mutation, which is frequently observed in M-AME. This mutation may be considered a driver mutation in mammary M-AME.