HOTAIR (HOX Transcript Antisense RNA)

Despite the clear potential for ncRNAs to serve as therapeutic targets and as biomarkers in clinical management of BC, additional work is required to generate optimal delivery methods, achieve specificity, and standardize detection methods. Future studies, encompassing 'multi-omics' strategies in BC research together with enhanced computational tools, will also be warranted to fully establish ncRNA discoveries into personalized BC care, and improved treatment outcomes for patient management through precision nanomedicine and liquid biopsy platforms.

Collectively, these regulatory molecules shape the oncogenic landscape of NRG1-rearranged NSCLC and influence therapeutic outcomes. Dysregulated ncRNAs thus hold promise as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning, with therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring tumor-suppressive ncRNAs or inhibiting oncogenic ones offering a potential avenue to overcome resistance in this subset of patients.

According to the European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines for non-oncogene-addicted metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients with metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma (LUSC) or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC with performance status 2 and PD-L1 < 50% may receive single-agent chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM), docetaxel (DOC), or vinorelbine. Analysis of three key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-MALAT1, NEAT1, and HOTAIR-showed variable expression in the studied cell lines as a potential response to DOC and GEM treatment. Our findings indicate different cellular effects of GEM and DOC in NSCLC cell lines and provide an overview of how currently used chemotherapeutics may influence the expression of lncRNAs.

These findings highlight QCT's ability to inhibit GC progression via the HOTAIR/miR-217/GPC5 axis, with molecular heterogeneity influencing therapeutic response. The QCT emerges as a promising candidate for further investigation as a multifaceted agent against GC, though validation in preclinical models is necessary.

Preferred treatment options for advanced or recurrent EC patients include a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel, with modest clinical outcomes...This study identified the novel small-molecule inhibitor AC1Q3QWB (AQB) as a potent enhancer of carboplatin efficacy...In vivo studies using subcutaneous xenografts and a stage IV EC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model demonstrated that AQB enhanced carboplatin's antitumor effects, reduced the required carboplatin dose, and alleviated associated toxicity. The combination of AQB with standard chemotherapy holds promise for improving outcomes in patients with advanced or recurrent EC.The schematic diagram illustrates the mechanism by which AQB enhances the sensitivity of EC cells to CBPt.

This review synthesizes emerging evidence on the role of lncRNAs in shaping nuclear architecture and gene regulation, with a focus on their oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. By integrating insights into chromatin topology and epigenetic control, we underscore the potential of targeting lncRNAs and associated chromatin remodeling pathways as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in cancer and other complex diseases.

Our study examined the expression of five lncRNAs and identified their potential as prognostic markers for GBM patients. However, evaluating the prognostic value of additional lncRNAs and integrating these into prognostic models alongside other significant GBM biomarkers is recommended for future research.

This Review also critically identifies the pressing need for more specific functional validation studies to fully elucidate their mechanistic roles. This emerging field offers promising opportunities to advance personalized medicine and refine prognostic/predictive strategies for breast cancer patients.

In all HOTAIR polymorphism studies involving CRC, it was found that the subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed that the rs1899663 G > T codominant and dominant models were positively correlated with CRC development in Asian populations and negatively correlated with CRC development in non-Asian populations (Codominant: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.39 - 1.25; D: Dominant: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.28 - 1.53）. This MA indicates that HOTAIR polymorphism-the rs1899663 G > T genotype-might have a racially specific impact on CRC risk.

In addition, we also discuss the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for HCC, such as: lncRNA MIR31HG, CASC2c, and lncRNA AC115619. Furthermore, we also explore the application prospects of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing new perspectives and directions for future HCC research.

Exosomes hold great promise for integration into diagnostic and therapeutic workflows for HPV-related cancers. Future research should focus on resolving standardization issues, validating biomarkers in diverse cohorts, and optimizing engineered exosome platforms for targeted therapy.

These interconnected circuits offer novel insights into treatment resistance and stem cell persistence, identifying promising therapeutic targets. Future validation of these interactions may guide the development of non-coding RNA-targeted therapies for resistant CML.