HMOX1 (Heme Oxygenase 1)

These findings demonstrate that acquired sorafenib resistance in HCC is associated with a stable NRF2-driven transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming that enhances antioxidant capacity, suppresses ferroptosis and promotes tumor cell survival. Targeting NRF2-regulated redox metabolism may therefore represent a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance in HCC.

However, TRG therapy restored renal impairments via regulating antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and histo-architecture. Our findings were strongly supported by in-silico findings that demonstrated the potential binding of TRG with key regulatory genes.

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the sources, pharmacological actions, safety, pharmacokinetics, and potential applications of GS. Future research should focus on structural modification of GS, development of novel formulations, and exploration of synergistic combinations with other therapeutic agents to broaden its clinical utility.

To address this, an antioxidant-enriched hydrogel (PG-gel) was developed from N-acetylcysteine-modified gelatin and poly (ethylene glycol) succinimidyl succinate, loaded with conditioned medium from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (CM-UCMSCs)...Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of apoptosis-related genes (e.g., Ddit3, Trib3 and Hmox1) and upregulation of mitochondrial metabolism genes (e.g., Mt-atp8, Mt-nd1 and Mt-cyb). In conclusion, the PG + CM-UCMSCs system provided comprehensive protection to cryopreserved ovarian tissue by mitigating oxidative stress, fibrosis, and apoptosis, likely through regulation of apoptotic signaling and enhancement of mitochondrial energy metabolism, thereby offering a promising strategy to improve OTCT outcomes.

Astraflavonol H increased NRF2 protein stability and attenuated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced Janus-activated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 phosphorylation. Overall, this study highlights the potential of A. membranaceus sprouts and their components as anti-aging foods.

Snail secretion filtrate was effective in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. The results suggest the potential use of SSF as a natural and sustainable remedy, in line with the One Health approach.

PCE downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) associated X-protein (Bax) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) but it increased the expression of Bcl-2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The research showed that PCE treatment resulted in decreased blood sugar levels and better liver enzyme and lipid profile results and decreased lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced oxidative stress in DM rats according to biochemical and histopathological results.

Clinically, higher CD36 expression correlated with the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype of TNBC, known to exhibit a higher sensitivity to ferroptosis. Altogether, these data provide evidence for an essential role of the CD36 protein in the ferroptotic process induced by the saturated fatty acid PA, opening potential new therapeutic approaches promoting ferroptosis in the most aggressive breast cancers.

BaSO4NPs provoked severe hepatic impairments by altering biochemical, computational and histological parameters. The concurrent therapy of AYN mitigated the adverse impacts of BaSO4NPs on hepatic tissues through the regulation of key signaling pathways, redox state, inflammatory and apoptotic indices, and histological alterations.

In an orthotopic 4T1 model, FCA-PDT-RT achieved superior tumor control at only 12 Gy, which correlated with increased CD3+/CD8+ T cell infiltration and suppressed angiogenesis, while maintaining favorable safety. FCA thus enables synergistic PDT-RT through sequential microenvironment remodeling, oxidative amplification, and metabolic exhaustion, offering a dose-sparing strategy with translational promise for breast cancer therapy.

To advance clinical relevance, long-term, adequately powered trials in diverse populations are essential. Furthermore, regulatory challenges, commercialization constraints, and the need for standardized formulations must be addressed to expand the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals, particularly given their favorable safety profiles and potential for preventive health applications.

Our findings are further supported by in-silico analysis that showed strong binding affinity of TAP with key regulatory genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that TAP is a hepatotoxic agent and warrant further clinical trials to evaluate its effects in humans.