HLA-DRB1 (Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Beta 1)

However, it has not yet been approved for clinical transformation and still faces challenges such as large-scale targeting and safety. Overall, MSC-exos carrying miRNAs show great promise in the treatment of respiratory diseases, but their true clinical application still requires more systematic research and validation.

P2, N=160, Recruiting, Boston Children's Hospital | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

Although benzodiazepines, including midazolam, possess anti-inflammatory properties and suppress macrophage activity, the impact of Re on macrophage-mediated immune responses remains uncertain. Conversely, Re did not affect the phagocytic capacity of TGC-macrophages, as evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran, even at concentrations that inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and costimulatory molecule expression in LPS-activated TGC-macrophages. These findings suggest that Re exerts anti-inflammatory effects without suppressing essential innate immune functions, such as phagocytosis by macrophages.

Our findings demonstrate a dynamically regulated circRNA landscape in OA. Specific DECs appear to orchestrate joint immunity by potentially enhancing antigen presentation and macrophage polarization, thereby facilitating T-cell activation. These results position circRNAs as unrecognized immunoregulators in OA, nominating them as candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for modulating the joint immune microenvironment.

These findings suggest an important role of HLA class I and II molecules in the genetic susceptibility of MM compared with MGUS, suggesting alterations in peptide-binding capabilities may impair immune recognition of malignant cells. Further studies are needed to validate our findings and elucidate the biological mechanisms.

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis further confirmed stable interactions between the vaccine construct and key immune receptors (HLA-A*02:01, HLA-DRB1*01:01, TLR2, and TLR4). The antigen was further modified as a messenger RNA vaccine to enhance cytotoxic T-cell induction; however, animal research is needed to confirm its immunogenicity and protective effectiveness.

Our study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of allergic diseases and RCC and provides therapeutic targets for RCC. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-025-00229-6.

P2, N=313, Active, not recruiting, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

The frequency of the DRB1*15:01-associated haplotype (DRB1*15:01-DQB1*06:02-DPB1*02:01) was significantly higher in patients who developed both pituitary and thyroid irAEs compared to the control (14.3% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.002), and the DRB1*15:02-associated haplotype (DRB1*15:02-DQB1*06:01-DPB1*09:01) frequency was significantly higher in patients who developed pituitary irAE but not thyroid irAE compared to the control (18.1% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.006); both findings were confirmed in the validation cohort comprising 92 patients with pituitary irAE from seven hospitals. In conclusion, pituitary and thyroid irAEs are prone to co-occur and HLA-DR15-associated haplotypes are related to this co-occurrence.

Class II alleles, especially those within DQA1 and DPB1, are important genetic factors influencing AML susceptibility in the Kazakhstani population.

Our large-scale GWAS highlights new genetic variants and HLA-linked mechanisms underlying CCA susceptibility. Integrating multi-step post-GWAS approaches enhances understanding of CCA pathogenesis and may facilitate the development of risk biomarkers for early detection and precision prevention strategies.

P=N/A, N=38, Recruiting, University of Wisconsin, Madison | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting