HHLA2 (HERV-H LTR-Associating 2)

ATP1A1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target, with functional implications in angiogenesis and immune modulation. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of the identified gene signatures and support the development of personalized treatment strategies for ccRCC patients.

Notably, HHLA2/KIR3DL3 inhibition synergized with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors to enhance anti-tumor immunity and suppress tumor progression. Together, these findings identify HHLA2-KIR3DL3 as a key immunosuppressive pathway in EGFR-mutant NSCLC and may provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting to improve clinical outcomes.

The interactome of B7-H5 exhibits relatively higher levels of intrinsic disorder compared to the interactomes of other B7 proteins, underscoring its critical role in neuronal processes and other biological functions. This work sheds light on the dualistic nature of B7 proteins in maintaining immune homeostasis and their complex involvement in oncogenesis, presenting intrinsic disorder as a novel perspective in cancer biology and a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention.

We also examined whether B7-H7 knockdown affects resistance to rituximab (RTX) and verified this by establishing a rituximab-resistant cell line (RRC)...This was confirmed by western blotting and agonist/inhibitor treatment. Suppression of B7-H7 inhibited tumor progression and induced RTX sensitivity by suppressing the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Using peripheral blood biomarkers, we characterized immune subtypes of osteosarcoma, and developed a predictive model for metastasis. These biomarkers may serve as potential therapeutic targets for future immunotherapy.

Furthermore, six potential therapeutic agents for EC were identified: BIRB.0796, Camptothecin, CHIR.99021, Methotrexate, PF.4708671, and Vorinostat. Furthermore, several potential therapeutic agents for EC were identified, offering promising avenues for treatment. These findings hold significant potential for enhancing the survival outcomes of EC patients and provide meaningful guidance for clinical decision-making in managing this malignancy.

The combined assessment of HHLA2 and PD-L1 expression facilitates risk stratification, providing a framework to optimize immunotherapy strategies. These findings contribute to the advancement of precision medicine in the management of HCC.

In our analysis, BTN2A1, MICA, and HHLA2 displayed significant potential as antigens for the development of anti-ESCA messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. The identification of three stable and reproducible immune subtypes specific to ESCA may prove essential in predicting the outcome of mRNA vaccines.

HHLA2 acts as an oncogene in HCC by activating c-Met, promoting tumor progression and metastasis. HHLA2 expression correlates with c-Met activation and predicts poor prognosis in HCC patients. Importantly, HHLA2 can serve as a stratification marker for c-Met inhibitor therapy, potentially enabling a personalized approach to improve therapeutic outcomes in this challenging disease.

This highlights its promise as an immune checkpoint biomarker and therapeutic target. The collective data from this review provide insights for future research endeavors in HHLA2-associated oncology.

This review explores the structural characteristics, receptor-ligand interactions, and signaling pathways associated with each B7-H family member. We also discuss the family's impact on tumor immunity and potential therapeutic strategies.

Furthermore, nine candidate drugs with potential therapeutic efficacy in EC were identified: Bleomycin, Cisplatin, Cyclopamine, PLX4720, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, RO.3306, XMD8.85, and WH.4.023. Furthermore, it identifies potential therapeutic agents with efficacy against EC. These findings hold significant promise for enhancing the survival of EC patients and provide valuable insights to inform clinical decision-making in the management of this disease.