HER-2 positive

This benefit was confirmed in a multivariable analysis, supporting PARPi as the preferred option in eligible patients. Our findings suggest that PARPi should be prioritized in the post-CDK4/6i treatment sequence for BRCA LP/PV carriers with HR+/HER2 aBC and highlight the critical role of germline BRCA testing.

Omission of SLNB in patients with small HR-positive/HER2-negative tumors results in a missed indication for CDK4/6i in <8 % with minimal impact on recurrence.

No first-line regimen significantly improved OS or PFS in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. However, HLX22-based and immune-combination strategies show potential clinical value-particularly in enhancing ORR-and merit further investigation.

Since the first BsAb approval in 2014, the field has rapidly expanded, with solid tumor oncology advancing dynamically. The major focus has been on combining BsAbs with immunotherapy strategies, followed by targeting known oncogenic pathways. The shift toward biotechnology-led innovation underscores the growing therapeutic and financial interest in this field. Optimizing the efficacy and safety of these molecules is key to paving the way for the next era of immune and precision oncology.

The advent of CDK4/6 inhibitors, namely, palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib, has changed the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast tumours. Nonetheless, the acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors remains a major therapeutic challenge. Thus, the identification of molecular drivers involved in the resistance to these drugs is crucial for the design of novel therapeutic approaches and the selection of patient-centred strategies in various types of tumours.

Consistently, supplementing primary HER2-positive tumor cultures with recombinant SAA1, SAA2, or THBS4 peptides enhanced tumor cell proliferation and migration. Together, these findings uncover a mechanism by which fibroblastic mutant p53 promotes mammary tumorigenesis-through upregulating secretory proteins such as SAA1, SAA2, and THBS4 in the stroma, thereby enhancing PI3K/AKT signaling and tumor progression.

OFS + AI were associated with better DDFS in patients with RD after neoadjuvant therapy. Our findings can assist shared decision-making on adjuvant endocrine therapy of these patients.

In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that CPT1A may promote mitochondrial damage and induce cardiomyocyte injury by interacting with Parkin. This study underscores the utility of multi-omics integration in elucidating TIC mechanisms and paves the way for personalized cardioprotective strategies in HER2-targeted therapy.

In esophageal tumors, adjuvant nivolumab is used. Among HER2-positive patients, adding pembrolizumab to trastuzumab and chemotherapy - in PDL1 CPS ≥1 cases - has become a new standard. A special mention must be made of MSI-H tumors, in which immunotherapy is highly effective, and adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended according to current guidelines.

There are racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in NACT initiation delays and an association with worse cancer-related outcomes. Future studies and interventions are needed to mitigate these delays.

Alterations in FGFR3, commonly found in the luminal-papillary molecular subtype associated with low response to immunotherapy, are the target of erdafitinib. Enfortumab vedotin, which targets Nectin-4 (expressed in >95% of urothelial carcinomas), is approved for patients who progress after chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy...Sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate directed against Trop-2, is effective in basal, luminal and stroma-rich subtypes but not in neuroendocrine carcinomas. In addition, therapies developed for HER2-positive breast cancer have shown efficacy in urothelial carcinoma, with recent data from the DESTINY pan-tumour phase II trial leading to FDA approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-overexpressing metastatic urothelial carcinoma. This paper is a comprehensive review of the molecular pathology of bladder cancer, highlighting advances in molecular classification, biomarkers and personalized therapies. The transition from morphology-based classifications to combined morphological and molecular approaches, with therapeutic implications, is also addressed.

In multivariable logistic regression, molecular subtype remained an independent predictor of pCR (p = 0.002). pCR rates varied markedly among molecular subtypes, being highest in HER2-enriched tumors and lowest in Luminal A. These findings support molecular subtype as a key determinant of treatment response and highlight its role in guiding neoadjuvant treatment strategies.