HER-2 expression

Physician confidence improved (P < 0.001) and the estimated total cost savings, including direct drug costs, vein access devices, and HER2DX costs, amounted to €98 031. HER2DX impacts clinical management in stage I-III HER2-positive BC by supporting treatment adjustments, enhancing physician confidence, maintaining pCR rates, and reducing health care costs.

This is the first study using NLP to evaluate HER2 discordances, which need to be further investigated. Improving AI methods and implementing similar EHR structures among hospitals would increase the success in clinical data extraction.

These findings demonstrated that ebastine effectively disrupts key pathways involved in CSC‑like traits and HER2 activity, even under trastuzumab‑resistant conditions. Its multifaceted inhibitory effects support the repositioning of ebastine as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating refractory HER2‑positive breast cancer.

Together with prior preclinical and clinical evidence, these findings support a context-dependent model in which target downregulation predominates in HER2-low disease, whereas payload resistance or rare binding-site mutations may dominate resistance in HER2-addicted tumors, with important implications for antibody-drug conjugate selection and sequencing. See related article by Chen et al., p. 235.

Both HER2 IHC positive (3+) and FISH positive occur exclusively in pure USC tumors. HER2 gene amplification can be observed in any HER2 IHC levels.

P=N/A, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Lixiaoling

P1, N=29, Active, not recruiting, City of Hope Medical Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Dec 2026

P3, N=752, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd.

NOTCH-1 expression was not associated with key clinicopathological or survival parameters in this cohort. While some molecular correlations were observed, NOTCH-1 does not appear to have strong prognostic utility in EC. Further research integrating molecular classification and long-term follow-up is needed to clarify its potential role in tumor biology.

Combining biomarker-driven immunotherapy and targeted approaches such as PD-1 blockade in MSI-H or EBV-positive tumors, HER2-directed therapy, and CLDN18.2 inhibition, has demonstrated a paradigm shift in the clinical management. This review highlights a pathologist-centered perspective on molecularly defined subgroups, actionable biomarkers, and evolving therapeutic paradigms in CRC and GEJ carcinoma, advancing precision oncology.