HBB (Hemoglobin Subunit Beta)

When mRNA is administered intramuscularly, the proposed combination of UTRs provides lasting expression for more than 4 days. The results demonstrated that the novel UTR pair combination could be useful in the development of artificial mRNAs with enhanced translation efficiency, potentially reducing the dose for mRNA-based therapeutics.

Notably, macrophages with similar iron- regulating features were found in human bone metastases across multiple cancer types, and elevated HBB expression in breast cancer correlates with increased risk of bone metastasis. These findings establish iron-recycling macrophages as essential regulators within the metastatic bone niche, revealing novel insights into the interplay between immune modulation, metal metabolism and tumor cell plasticity in driving metastatic progression and anemia.

We identify macrophages with similar iron-transporting features in human bone metastases and show that elevated HBB expression correlates with increased risk of bone metastasis. These findings establish iron-transporting macrophages as an essential component of the metastatic bone niche, revealing a critical interplay between immune cells, metal metabolism, and tumor cell plasticity in driving metastasis and anemia.

Thymoma-PRCA is associated with excessive CD8 + T-cell activation and an inflammatory bone marrow environment, leading to impaired erythropoiesis. These findings provide novel insights into the immune dysregulation underlying thymoma-associated PRCA and may help identify potential therapeutic targets.

P1/2, N=165, Active, not recruiting, Radboud University Medical Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Jan 2026

We conclude that short-term HU treatment entails differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and alters the characteristics of LSC in CML. The results imply that studies of LSC and progenitor populations in CML should take effects of initial HU therapy into account.

TP53 is clearly involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis, especially in basal cell carcinoma, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be an essential pathway involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis. RUNX1, SMO, TOP2A, and ZWINT are also highly likely to be involved in ophthalmic tumorigenesis, but further functional experiments are needed to verify the mechanisms of these genes in regulating tumorigenesis.

Knocking out or overexpressing HBB could affect lung cancer cell proliferation through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. HBB can serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer, regulating cell proliferation via the ERK1/2 pathway and playing a pivotal role in the oncogenesis and progression of the disease.

P=N/A; N=200; Recruiting; Sponsor:European Institute of Oncology

To test the possibility that HBB acted in generating a persistor cell phenotype, cell lines were placed in mercaptopurine and prednisone for 10-14 days at two different concentrations and counted throughout drug exposure and for an additional 10-14 days following removal of drug. The increased clonal potential upon overexpression of HBB could be indicative of the ability to reconstitute a tumor from a small subpopulation following treatment. Additionally, our data suggests that protein is not required for increased clonal growth leading us to hypothesize that catalytic RNA is responsible. We are also currently analyzing RNAseq data from the cell lines and will compare differential gene expression between the empty vector and HBB expressing cells to discover downstream pathways impacted by HBB.

Currently, hydroxyurea is the gold standard treatment for SCD due to its mechanism of raising fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, ultimately lessening pain crises and need for blood transfusions (Acharya 2023)...Due to our limitation with sample size, next steps would entail analyzing these relationships with a larger database. With a more extensive data set of patients with SCD, further relationships may be elucidated regarding sex differences in the progression of disease that could aid in informed treatment decisions.