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    BIOMARKER:

    GMNN overexpression

    i
    Other names: GMNN, Geminin DNA Replication Inhibitor, Geminin, Gem, MGORS6
    Entrez ID:
    51053
    over3years
    The molecular underpinning of geminin-overexpressing triple-negative breast cancer cells homing specifically to lungs. (PubMed, Cancer Gene Ther)
    Overall, we propose that geminin overexpression in normal mammary epithelial (HME) cells promotes the generation of TNBC metastatic precursors that home specifically to lungs by upregulating LGR5 expression and promoting stemness, intravasation, and extravasation in these precursors. Circulating levels of RSPO2 and OPN can be diagnostic biomarkers to improve risk stratification of metastatic TNBC to lungs, as well as identifying patients who may benefit from therapy targeting geminin alone or in combination with any member of the newly discovered extravasation receptor complex to minimize TNBC lung metastasis.
    Journal
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    MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • CD44 (CD44 Molecule) • GMNN (Geminin DNA replication inhibitor) • RSPO2 (R-Spondin 2)
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    MET overexpression • AXL overexpression • CDH1 expression • GMNN overexpression
    4years
    Targeting AXL and RAGE to prevent geminin overexpression-induced triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. (PubMed, Sci Rep)
    Tumors formed following injection of geminin-overexpressing cells admixed with MSCs/CAFs grew faster, metastasized earlier, especially to lungs, and were extremely sensitive to anti-c-Abl, anti-RAGE, and anti-AXL drugs. These data support an intrinsic ability in geminin-overexpressing tumor cells to promote their metastatic potential through recruitment and bi-directional interactions with MSCs/CAFs and M2-TAMs.
    Journal
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    ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • CXCR4 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4) • CXCL12 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12) • HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) • CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) • GAS6 (Growth arrest specific 6) • GMNN (Geminin DNA replication inhibitor)
    |
    AXL overexpression • GMNN overexpression