GLI1 expression

The so far absolute predilection of this fusion for renal tumors, coupled with the absence of reports of other GLI1 fusions in tumors of the kidney, might indicate the potential existence of a distinct renal subtype with morphological features similar to other GLI1-altered tumors. All four reported cases had an uneventful follow-up which, together with their low-grade morphological features, suggests that these tumors might have a favorable prognosis.

Our study underscores the critical role of GLI1 in BRCA, both as a potential tumor suppressor and an immune regulator. The association between GLI1 expression and favorable prognosis suggests its potential as a prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in BRCA.

Among them, N-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-4-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)benzamide (B31) emerged as the most potent analog following screening with a Gli luciferase reporter assay, competing with cyclopamine in the binding site of Smo protein...Moreover, B31 significantly regressed subcutaneous tumors formed by BxPC-3 cells in nude mice without inducing toxic effects. These results underscore the enhanced efficacy of B31 in the PC model and offer a new avenue for developing effective Hh pathway inhibitors for clinical PC treatment.

Overexpressing Gli1 helped to partially counteract the suppression of HCC migration, proliferation, and EMT formation by miR-875-5p overexpression. MiR-875-5p in HCC suppresses tumors by downregulating Gli1, which supplies a novel treatment for HCC patients.

The study emphasizes the critical role of the Hh pathway's activation modes in H&N cancer, particularly highlighting the non-canonical activation through GLI1 and AKT1. The identification of SHH, GLI1 and AKT1 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and their association with clinic-pathological parameters underscores their relevance in prognostication and treatment planning. Hh pathway activation through GLI1 and its cross-talk with various pathways opens up the possibility of newer treatment strategies and developing a panel of therapeutic targets in H&N cancer patients.

Furthermore, the combination of the GLI1 inhibitor, GANT58, and CCR2 inhibitor, INCB3344, substantially reduced the occurrence of EHF-mediated CCA. In summary, our findings suggest that EHF is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with CCA, while also advocating the therapeutic approach of combined targeting of GLI1 and CCL2/CCR2-TAMs to inhibit EHF-driven CCA development.

In conclusion, our study confirmed that the GLI1/INHBA positive feedback loop influences GC progression and revealed the mechanism by which H. pylori upregulates GLI1 expression through m6A modification. This positive GLI1/INHBA feedback loop suggests a novel noncanonical mechanism of GLI1 activity in GC and provides potential therapeutic targets for GC treatment.

Subsequently, we demonstrated that GLI antagonists inhibited growth of a recurrent localized PDX-derived cell line with elevated IHH and GLI1 expression, but not a non-relapsed cell line with low pathway activation. Finally, we show that our signature outperforms previously reported signatures in predicting poor prognosis and death within 3 years in patients with localized osteosarcoma.

Inhibition of hedgehog with cyclopamine effectively antagonized TGF-β1-induced EMT, thereby suggesting that the hedgehog signaling may act as a downstream cascade signaling of TGF-β1...Importantly, Gli1 activity was upregulated by Smad4 knockdown in PANC-1 cells and downregulated by Smad4 overexpression in BxPc-3 cells, indicating that Gli1 may be a negative target protein downstream of Smad4. Thus, Smad4 regulates TGF-β1-mediated hedgehog activation to promote EMT in PCCs by suppressing Gli1 activity.

The Gli1-bFGF axis is crucial for the crosstalk between lung cancer cells and vascular cells. Targeting Gli1 is a potential therapeutic approach for NSCLC angiogenesis.

Additionally, functional enrichment analyses indicated that GLI1/2/3 are involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Together, our findings shed new light on the roles of GLI1/2/3 in tumorigenesis and provide a potential basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting GLI-mediated signaling pathways in cancer.

In clinical samples of ESCC, major regulatory factors of the Hedgehog pathway were up-regulated and the pathway was activated. En1 promotes the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells by regulating the Hedgehog pathway and can be used as a new potential target for targeted therapy of ESCC.

These data reveal multi-faceted roles of SUFU in promoting MB tumorigenesis by enhancing SHH signaling. This revelation clarifies potentially counter-intuitive clinical observation of high SUFU expression in MBs and may pave way for novel strategies to reduce or reverse MB progression.

In conclusion, a single AFL treatment significantly reduced hedgehog gene expression in murine BCCs mimicking the effects of eight topical applications of vismodegib. Further studies are needed to assess whether AFL can be utilized for BCC treatment, either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs.

A single AFL-assisted topical application of vismodegib resulted in clinically relevant intratumoral drug concentrations and significant reductions in hedgehog pathway gene expressions.

lncRNA HIF1A-AS2 affects ccRCC development by regulating HIF1a expression through Gli1.

Cells from passages 13 to 23 possessed the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes; after passage 23, their ability to form these cell types was lost. These data indicate that the cells that formed the AGMK1-9T7 cell line were GLI1+ perivascular, kidney, progenitor cells.

Hedgehog-Gli1-induced exosomal circ-0011536 promoted PNR via the miR-451a/VGF axis, thereby establishing that it may contribute to PDAC-associated nerve changes with activated Hedgehog signaling.

Downregulation of miR-361-3p along the Gli1 axis promoted tumor malignancy. Collectively, the results of this study imply that miR-361-3p has the potential to be both a biomarker and therapeutic target in PCa.

FOXS1 bind and stabilized Gli1 by blocking Gli1 ubiquitination, thereby activating Hh signaling to promote PCa cell growth and metastasis.

In summary, RCC2 promoted PCa development through Hh/Gli1 signaling pathway via regulating EMT and CSCs.

Shh signaling may be involved in the development of glioblastoma-related VTE.

Treatment with the Smo antagonist KAAD-cyclopamine confirmed the involvement of Smo in Gli1 target gene activation, with a significant reduction in the expression of Gli1, Runx2 and Bglap2 (p ≤ 0.001) following KAAD-cyclopamine treatment. Overall, our study demonstrates the role of the topographical microenvironment in the modulation of Hedgehog signalling, highlighting the potential for tailoring substrate topographical design to offer cell-instructive 3D microenvironments. Topographically-textured microparticles allow the modulation of Hedgehog signalling in vitro without adding exogenous biochemical agonists, thereby eliminating potential confounding artefacts in high-throughput drug screening applications.

By pharmacological inhibition of GLI1, the proportion of proinflammatory macrophages and the number of osteoclasts were significantly reduced, and the joint inflammatory response and bone destruction in CIA mice were alleviated. This study clarified the mechanism of GLI1 in macrophage phenotypic changes and activation of osteoclasts, suggesting potential applications of GLI1 inhibitors in the clinical treatment of RA.

Furthermore, GANT61 inhibits the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of Huh7 cells in nude mice. Overall, this study suggests that Gli1 is a potential target for therapy and GANT61 shows promising therapeutic potential for future treatment in HCC.

This suggests that inhibition of IGF2BP1 downregulates the Hh signaling pathway and prevents BCC development.

In addition, Smo and Gli1 are necessary of the survival of spermatogonia. This study deepens our understanding of spermatogonia proliferation and survival at the molecular level, and provides insights into male fertility control and reproductive diseases treatment.

Fos suppression effectively retards the destructive effects of Gli1 depletion on IVD homoeostasis.The translational potential of this article: This study may provide new potential targets for preventing and reversing IDD. Maintaining Gli1 expression in NP and suppressing Fos activation may be an effective treatment strategy for IDD.

ASPH accelerated metastasis of ICC cells by facilitating EMT via a GSK-3β/SHH/GLI2 axis-dependent manner, in which phosphorylation of GSK-3β was downregulated and the SHH signaling pathway was activated.

However, GLI1 CISH is not specific for distinguishing BCC from most benign follicular tumors. Overall, detection of GLI1RNA by CISH may be a useful tool for precise classification of histologically challenging basaloid tumors, particularly in the setting of small biopsy specimens, metaplastic differentiation, or metastatic disease.

Surveillance for recurrence, regional spread, and distant metastasis has been negative at a 6-month follow-up. Ultimately, we report the first case of a GLI1-amplified mesenchymal neoplasm of the intraconal orbit managed with gross total resection via a combined approach followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.

Finally, in vivo experimental results showed that overexpression of LINC00641 markedly suppressed tumor growth and reduced expression of GLI1 and p-AKT in xenograft tumor mice(p < 0.05). In summary, this study highlighted that LINC00641 plays a critical role in the malignant biological progression of PTC by regulating the LINC00641/IGF2BP1/GLI1/AKT signaling pathway, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for PTC.

SAG significantly protected against sleep deprivation-induced memory dysfunction, increased the CA1 pyramidal neuronal dendritic spine number and mEPSC frequency, and increased Gli1 expression. In conclusion, sleep deprivation induces memory impairment in adolescent mice, and SAG treatment prevents this impairment, probably by enhancing synaptic function in the hippocampal CA1 region.

Increased amounts of circulating IHH were associated with loss of renal function and higher rates of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, IHH connects leukocyte activation to Gli1 cell expansion and represents a potential target for therapies to inhibit inflammation-induced fibrosis.

We demonstrate a distinct and alternative function of MALAT1 as a transcriptional promoter for expression of the MALAT1::GLI1 fusion gene. Our findings will aid future research on MALAT1 and its fusion gene partners.

Furthermore, Gli1 was activated by TGF-β and sonic hedgehog through the canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signaling pathways in VICs. Our results indicated that Gli1 promoted cell proliferation and accelerated cell osteogenic transformation in VICs, providing a new strategy for the therapy of CAVD by targeting Gli1.

Mechanically, Hh promotes RCC progression through GLI1-mediated ACKR3 transcription by the directly binding of GLI1 to ACKR3 gene, while CXCL12-ACKR3 axis simultaneously enhances Hh activation via the binding of ACKR3 to Smoothened (SMO), a receptor in Hh pathway, resulting in the upregulation of SMO phosphorylation that potentiates downstream signal activity and consequently contributes to RCC progression. Thus, our findings may provide with the evidence of developing a novel treatment method with specific target for RCC.

The Cox proportional risk model showed that gender, history of asbestos exposure, site of occurrence, SMO, and GLI1 were independent prognostic factors for mesothelioma. The mechanism of immune cell infiltration in mesothelioma is closely related to the gene expression of both and the survival prognosis of mesothelioma patients.

The binding of B13 to Smo was studied by BODIPY-cyclopamine competitive binding assay and molecular docking...In vivo pharmacodynamics experiments showed that B13 was superior to Vismodegib in antitumor activity and had low toxicity in vivo. Mechanism studies have shown that B13 can bind Smo protein, inhibit the expression of downstream Gli1 and its entry into the nucleus. Notably, B13 overcomes resistance caused by Smo mutations.

GLI1 expression was less frequent in other tumor types with GLI1 copy number gain. Given its specificity, in the appropriate morphologic context, GLI1 IHC may be a useful diagnostic adjunct for mesenchymal neoplasms with GLI1 alterations.