Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

Pathological morphology and immunohistochemical analyses deepen our understanding of the pathological features of TSC and provide a diagnostic reference for clinicians who will encounter such cases in the future.

However, doxorubicin, foretinib, and ceritinib were identified as promising therapeutic candidates due to their low IC50 values in NCC-GCTB10-C1. The establishment of NCC-GCTB10-C1 offers a critical resource for further research into GCTB, especially in the context of recurrent disease, and holds potential for the development of more effective treatment strategies.

The analysis by CellChat indicated that CTLA4 or TIGIT might act as important immune checkpoint genes to attenuate the inhibitory effect of aneuploid osteoclasts on NK/T cells, thereby enhancing the activity of NK/T cells. Our study found that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts might be involved in the development of GCTB, which may provide a new direction for the treatment of GCTB.

Denosumab has potential role for giant cell tumour of bone, it makes a less morbid surgery technically feasible. However, recurrence needs to be probed in long term follow up studies.

Treatment has been reported to range from a conservative parathyroidectomy to resection and reconstruction. We present a case of a female who presented with a facial disfigurement for four months that was hidden under the effect of a parathyroid adenoma. Our aim is to guide the surgeon in the proper detailed management of osteolytic lesions of jaws that are related to parathyroid hyperfunction.

We found that they were compatible with chemosensitivity assays, and drug screening using these cell lines led to the identification of potential therapeutic candidates for GCTB. Therefore, NCC-GCTB14-C1 and NCC-GCTB15-C1 may be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of and developing novel treatments for GCTB.

No abstract available

Treatment with bisphosphonates (P = 0.17) or denosumab (P = 0.75) had no significant effect on ROR2 expression. Patients with GCT exhibit more than twofold upregulation of ROR2 expression, confirming its role in causing osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. Therefore, ROR2 may be a target for drug development in the treatment of GCT.

Recent studies demonstrated a recurrent HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion in many cases. We herein describe a case of XGET/KP-GCT arising in the right femoral head of a 19-year-old male harboring a rare novel HMGA2::COL14A1 fusion.

P=N/A, N=45, Recruiting, Musculoskeletal tumor center, Peking University People's Hospital; Peking University People's Hospital

Seven cases with denosumab treatment demonstrated degrees of giant cell disappearance, increased fibrous tissue and reactive bone proliferation in the stroma... Pediatric GCTB predominantly affects females and occurs primarily in long bones, mainly around the knee joint, the majority of tumors predominantly arise in the epiphysis and extend into the metaphysis; however, in cases where the epiphyseal plates are still unclosed, the tumors may be restricted to the metaphysis. Detection of H3F3A gene mutation is crucial for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pediatric GCTB.

Although no immunopositivity for keratin was observed in the present giant cell granulomas cohort, we cannot completely exclude the possibility of keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumors occurring in the jaws. Therefore, oral pathologists should be aware about this condition and further studies using cohorts from different laboratories are necessary.

We regarded ABL1, EGFR, and LCK as on-target kinases; among the two corresponding on-target kinase inhibitors, osimertinib and ponatinib emerged as on-target drugs whose target kinases were significantly activated. The remaining 26 kinases and seven kinase inhibitors were excluded as off-targets. Our pharmacoproteomic approach enabled the identification of on-target kinase inhibitors that are useful for drug repositioning.

P3, N=128, Recruiting, SynOx Therapeutics Limited | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2027 --> Apr 2026

Thorough clinical and radiological follow-up is mandatory as local recurrences are to be expected due to the infiltrative behavior. In case of a loco regional recurrence the fusion with FGFR2 may represent a therapeutic option for a targeted therapy on molecular level.

The patient was treated with pegylated interferon and imatinib, which resulted in stable disease after three months...Analysis of ligand-receptor interactions showed significant communication between neoplastic cells and macrophages mediated by CSF1 and CSF1R. Our findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive molecular analysis in diagnosing and treating rare malignancies like TGCT.

P3, N=120, Recruiting, St. Louis University | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jan 2026

P4, N=35, Recruiting, Amgen | Trial completion date: Oct 2027 --> May 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2027 --> May 2028

P2, N=21, Active, not recruiting, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Nov 2026 --> May 2026

Imaging examination combined with immunohistochemical H3.3 G34W positivity was used to diagnose the patient with GCTB. Understanding the unique histological morphology of this patient will help doctors correctly diagnose giant cell tumors of bone and avoid misdiagnosis.

No abstract available

Although the above described radiological findings are not specific for GCTB in head and neck region, a well-defined osteolytic lesion in the bones of head and neck region with "soap bubble" appearance on CT and hypointensity on T2WI with very low signal in the peripheral region of the tumor on MRI highly suggest GCTB for patient ages 20 to 40.

The current data support the assessment of TBL structures as a reliable prognostic tool in GCTB, potentially aiding in the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients.

We conclude that these unusual tumors represent a distinct category of synoviocytic neoplasia, which we term "chondroid synoviocytic neoplasm", rather than simply ordinary TGCT with cartilage. Despite potentially worrisome morphologic features, they appear to behave in at most a locally aggressive fashion.

These findings suggest that LIS is a reliable predictive tool for clinically relevant outcomes and response to denosumab therapy in patients with GCTB. These parameters may prove to be useful in guiding prognostic risk stratification and therapeutic optimization for patients.

Follow-up examinations revealed spontaneous secondary fusion of both hemimandibles and no signs of tumor recurrence. Nearly 1 year after surgery, the owners reported no signs of tumor regrowth.

P1, N=85, Recruiting, Abbisko Therapeutics Co, Ltd | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2025

TFE3-rearranged PEComa has unique histomorphological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics. The biological behavior is aggressive, which could lead to recurrence and metastasis, and warrants close clinical follow-up.

P2, N=17, Active, not recruiting, Andrew J. Wagner, MD, PhD | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 --> Jul 2025

The patient was discharged with oral crizotinib targeted therapy, and his condition remained stable postoperatively...Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma can exhibit rapid tumor growth on imaging, and PSC should be considered in the differential diagnosis for lesions that present with a fast growth rate. Timely and appropriate treatment for PSC may lead to a good prognosis.

Using the 22C3 assay, the expression of PD-L1 was found to be variable in two cases, and beta-HCG was negative. In conclusion, giant cell carcinoma is a subtype of urothelial carcinoma associated with advanced clinical stage and a trend to lower survival rates.

In summary, among the soft tissue tumors tested, ISL1 is a highly sensitive but moderately specific marker for DSRCT and may be useful to distinguish from round cell mimics including EWS and CIC::DUX4 sarcomas. The oncogenic role of ISL1 in these tumors warrants further investigation.

Our study confirms the high prevalence of FN1 fusions in CCMN. In addition, through transcriptome and methylome analyses, we have identified a novel subgroup of tumors located at the TMJ, exhibiting TGCT-like features and FN1::TEK fusions.

The results of this study provide evidence supporting the use of TSR as a reliable prognostic tool in GCTB and as a predictor of denosumab treatment responsiveness. These findings may aid in developing individualized treatment strategies for GCTB patients in the future.

Vimseltinib demonstrated long-term tolerability, manageable safety, dose-dependent exposure, and robust antitumor activity in patients with TGCT whose disease is not amenable to surgery.

P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2033 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2033 --> May 2026

Three patients presented with metastases as the initial manifestation of disease; 8 patients died of their tumors from 6 months to 8 years (mean: 2.7 y); 3 patients were alive and well from 4 to 6 years; and 2 patients had metastases when last seen but were lost to follow-up thereafter. The importance of recognizing this distinctive and aggressive variant of non-small cell lung carcinoma lies in avoiding confusion with a sarcoma or other types of malignancy.

P2, N=818, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> May 2033 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2033

P2, N=20, Completed, AmMax Bio, Inc. | Recruiting --> Completed | N=48 --> 20 | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jun 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2025 --> Jun 2024

HMGA2::NCOR2 keratin-positive giant cell tumors in children with response to imatinib in an infant.

P2, N=11, Completed, AmMax Bio, Inc. | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Due to histopathologic resemblance with other giant cell-rich lesions (giant cell granuloma of the jaws, brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, and non-ossifying fibroma) for which signature mutations are known, mutational analysis of KRAS, FGFR1, and TRPV4 genes was conducted. The results revealed wild-type sequences for all the mutations tested, thereby supporting the diagnosis of tenosynovial giant cell tumor.