GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)

Although extremely rare, intraocular ependymoma should be included as part of the differential diagnosis of retinal and ciliary body tumors in childhood.

Isolated APS may represent an important yet under-recognized manifestation of post-COVID-19 autoimmune neuroinflammation. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF supports a role for direct viral neuroinvasion as a localized inflammatory stimulus. AQP4-IgG serostatus serves as a critical prognostic determinant: seronegativity is associated with a benign, monophasic course, whereas seropositivity mandates prompt initiation of potent immunosuppressive therapy to prevent devastating relapses. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for NMOSD in patients with unexplained persistent vomiting following COVID-19, and perform urgent neuroimaging and antibody testing for early risk stratification.

Complete surgical excision with negative margins is the treatment of choice, and follow-up is crucial to detect recurrence. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and accurate diagnosis of HCCC to ensure curative surgical outcomes and prevent metastasis.

Mechanism study discovered that activation of AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways participated in regulating the neuroprotective function of Eto in inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in OXA-treated mice and in C6 cells model. In conclusions, Eto improved OXA-induced neuropathic pain by regulating AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

The research announced that Eto improved OXA-induced neuropathic pain by regulating AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Intranasal IL-4 delivery may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing white matter integrity in leukodystrophies and MS. Abbreviations: MS, multiple sclerosis; IL-4, Interleukin 4; CNS, central nervous system; OPCs, oligodendrocytes precursor cells; IL-4R, IL-4 receptor; i.n., intranasal; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; dpi, days post immunization; dpl, days post lesion; Nkx2.2, NK2 homeobox 2; Olig2, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2; OLs, oligodendrocytes; SOX10, SRY-Box Transcription Factor 10; PDGFRα, platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha; CNPase, 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3' Phosphodiesterase; APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; ASPA, aspartoacylase; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba1, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; MBP, myelin basic protein; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; CC, corpus callosum; GCC, genu of the corpus callosum; CG, cingulum; CTX, cortex; STR, striatum; EC, external capsule; Pre-OLs, pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes; STAT6, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; Pio, pioglitazone; T3, triiodothyronine; CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.

This analysis shows growing interest in repurposing metformin as a potential disease-modifying therapy for CNS disorders, with a focus on neurorepair and biomarker-based assessment. Larger, well-designed randomised controlled trials are still needed to confirm efficacy in humans.

P=N/A, N=150, Recruiting, Sheba Medical Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

In addition, GAS significantly inhibited aberrant NF-κB signaling and upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins of BIPN mice. GAS may alleviate BIPN by suppressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory responses, and the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway appears to be involved in this process.

SE suppressed the PTX-induced increase in Keap-1 and enhanced Nrf-2 expression. In addition, SE treatment partially restored HO-1 expression, with statistically significant increases observed compared to the PTX group, although levels did not fully return to control values.

CENETS are rare and often misdiagnosed. Serpentine dilated vessel identification at the tumor's cephalad part during surgery may be indicative, and gross total resection be curative.