Germ Cell Tumors

Key advances include: (1) In bladder cancer, perioperative durvalumab (NIAGARA) and enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-905/EV-303) set new standards, while HER2-targeted disitamab vedotin plus toripalimab (RC48-C016) improved metastatic survival...(3) In prostate cancer, enzalutamide plus leuprolide improved survival in high-risk biochemical recurrence (EMBARK). Capivasertib plus abiraterone benefited PTEN-deficient metastatic hormone-sensitive disease (CAPItello-281). The PSMAddition trial demonstrated that adding [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to standard therapy significantly improved radiographic PFS in PSMA-positive mHSPC. Docetaxel scheduling was optimized (ARASAFE), and an AI model (STAMPEDE) identified patients for AR inhibitor benefit. Novel agents like saruparib and pasritamig showed promise...The 2025 evidence establishes multiple new standards of care across GU cancers, emphasizing biomarker-driven strategies, immunotherapy integration, novel resistance mechanisms, and treatment optimization. This synthesis provides an evidence-based framework for updating guidelines and highlights the move toward more personalized management, while noting persistent challenges and future research needs.

This case highlights both the benefits and limitations of AFP-driven surveillance: while it facilitated early detection of a curable extrahepatic tumor, reliance on AFP alone may miss AFP-negative testicular cancers. Comprehensive surveillance strategies incorporating tumor markers, structured physical examinations, and patient education are warranted, with future emphasis on standardized guidelines for pediatric LT survivors.

P1, N=214, Recruiting, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH | Trial completion date: Jan 2041 --> Aug 2041 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2028 --> Aug 2028

Assessment of transcription factors involved in the induction and maintenance of EC and YST phenotypes suggests that, in pure non-seminomas, reprogramming occurs outside the spermatogonial niche.

P1, N=48, Recruiting, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | N=32 --> 48 | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 --> Mar 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Mar 2027

P1, N=30, Recruiting, New York Medical College | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2026

Twenty-eight of 57 tumors (49%) showed aberrant retained staining, divided into 4 observable staining patterns: fine granular staining/blush (9/28 abnormally staining tumors), focal retention (15/28), retained staining weaker than internal control (2/28), and retained staining either equal to internal control or without internal control present (2/28). We recognize the clinical utility of SDHB IHC as an affordable, but nuanced, method for screening for SDHx pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and recommend subsequent genetic testing for any amount of abnormally lost staining.

P1, N=90, Recruiting, Seattle Children's Hospital | Trial completion date: May 2041 --> May 2042 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> May 2027

P=N/A, N=2000, Recruiting, Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Dec 2026

Our findings suggest a correlation between PTTG1 expression and lymphadenopathy at diagnosis, independent of tumor size and T stage. It may reflect biological features associated with lymphatic dissemination and requires further investigation in larger prospective studies.

P=N/A, N=418, Recruiting, University of Southern California | Suspended --> Recruiting

P=N/A, N=20, Completed, University of Malaga | Suspended --> Completed