GDF15 overexpression

In summary, the findings indicate that studying the genes and their genomic changes may be used to develop precise treatments for prostate cancer. This approach involves early detection and targeted therapy.

Therefore, luteolin induces ferroptosis in NPC cells via modulation of the SOX4/GDF15 axis. In conclusion, luteolin reduces the binding of SOX4 to the GDF15 promoter by suppressing SOX4 expression, thereby down-regulating GDF15 transcription levels and inducing ferroptosis in NPC cells.

This study identified a novel GDF15-Nrf2 positive feedback loop that drives L-OHP resistance and suggested that the GDF15-Nrf2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of L-OHP-resistant CRC.

In addition, we also found that GDF15 expression is critical for GSC spheroid formation, as GDF15 knockdown significantly reduces the number of GSC neurospheres. This study suggests that GDF15 targeting in combination with radiotherapy may be a feasible approach in patients with GBM.

Taken together, our data suggested a protective mechanism of elevated GDF-15 in DN through obstruction of ubiquitin degradation of IKK by inhibiting NEDD4L expression, thus decreasing the activation of NF-κB and relieving the inflammation. GDF-15 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for DN.

Our study demonstrates that GDF15 downexpression promotes viability and aggressiveness of ccRCC cells by abolishing ferroptosis, which confers unfavorable patient survival outcomes.

Finally, RNA mis-splicing induced an uncoupling of RNA and protein expression, leading to critical abnormalities in proapoptotic p53 pathway genes. Overall, this characterization of erythropoiesis in SF3B1mt RS provides a resource for studying MDS-RS and uncovers insights into the unexpectedly active biology of the "dead-end" RS.

From a different point of view, it has been reported to improve glucose intolerance due to its potent anti-obesity effect, and NAFLD by enhancing metformin action in diabetic mouse models... GDF15 and FGF21, both liver-derived cellular stress response mitokines, have their blood levels increased in NAFLD. Recently, direct effects of GDF15 on the liver were reported, and in this study, induction of FGF21 expression in the liver was demonstrated under GDF15 overexpression.

BMSCs-EVs carried miR-29b-3p into ALL cells, upregulated miR-29b-3p, and inhibited GDF15 to suppress the MAPK pathway and further inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of ALL cells.

GDF15 may promote LGG tumorigenesis that is associated with the hypoxia and glycolysis pathways, and thus could serve as a promising molecular target for LGG prevention and therapy.

The reduced ROS production and dsDNA release may be responsible for attenuated AIM2 activation by NAG-1/GDF15 upon fatty acid overload. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that other than regulating lipid homeostasis, NAG-1/GDF15 protects against hepatic steatosis through a novel mechanism via suppressing oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, dsDNA release, and AIM2 inflammasome activation.

Antibodies against GDF-15 therefore support treatments with anti-PD-1 and other immunotherapeutic agents. A clinical phase 2 trial combining anti-GDF-15 (CTL002) with anti-PD-1 (NCT04725474) is ongoing.

GDF-15 further polarizes myeloid cells towards a tumor-promoting, anti-inflammatory phenotype.Byinducing a more pro-inflammatory tumor phenotype, anti-GDF-15 antibodies may synergize with other immunotherapeutic agents. A clinical phase 2 trial combining anti-GDF-15 (CTL002) with anti-PD-1 (NCT04725474) is ongoing.

Knockdown of GDF-15 in C26 cells decreased the potency of C26 conditioned medium or exosomes in inducing muscle atrophy. These results suggested that GDF-15 in tumor-derived exosomes could contribute to induction of muscle atrophy and also supported the possibility of targeting GDF-15 in treatment of cancer cachexia.

GDF-15 secretion helps tumors to generate a microenvironment that is poorly infiltrated by immune cells. GDF-15 further polarizes myeloid cells towards a tumor-promoting, anti-inflammatory phenotype. By inducing a more pro-inflammatory tumor phenotype, anti-GDF-15 antibodies may synergize with other immunotherapeutic agents.

When OSCC cells with GDF15 overexpression were treated with the erbB2 phosphorylation inhibitor, CI-1033, cell proliferation and xenograft growth colony formation were significantly blocked (P < .05). GDF15 overexpression promotes OSCC proliferation via erbB2 phosphorylation. Thus, ErbB2 inhibitors may represent potential targeted drugs or an alternative therapy for OSCC patients with GDF15 overexpression.

Antibodies against GDF-15 may support treatments with anti-PD-1 and other immunotherapeutic agents. A clinical trial combining anti-GDF-15 (CTL002) with anti-PD-1 (NCT04725474, submitted ID 15073) is ongoing.