Gallbladder Cancer

P3, N=142, Active, not recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Sep 2026

P1/2, N=24, Active, not recruiting, Institut fuer Klinische Krebsforschung IKF GmbH | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P2, N=126, Not yet recruiting, 3D Medicines (Sichuan) Co., Ltd. | Trial completion date: Jun 2027 --> Dec 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2029

P2/3, N=89, Not yet recruiting, AstraZeneca AB

P2, N=240, Recruiting, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2/3, N=186, Active, not recruiting, ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2029 --> Jul 2028

P=N/A, N=200, Recruiting, CHA University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P=N/A, N=100, Recruiting, CHA University | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Postoperatively, she was diagnosed with stage IV disease and started on systemic therapy with pembrolizumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. After three cycles, PET/CT revealed complete metabolic resolution of metastases, with normalization of tumor markers. This case highlights that GBC can occur in young patients and may present at advanced stages even in the absence of gallstones, emphasizing the importance of early suspicion when evaluating gallbladder masses and the potential effectiveness of combined chemo-immunotherapy in achieving meaningful responses.

OND was present in approximately one-third of clinically node-negative GBC patients undergoing lymphadenectomy. Preoperative jaundice, elevated CA19-9, and elevated SII independently predicted OND and provided simple risk stratification. Incorporating these readily available markers into preoperative assessment may improve risk enrichment for OND and help guide additional staging and treatment sequencing.

This review synthesizes current knowledge while highlighting areas requiring further investigation. Evaluation of the urinary bladder for calcification and malignancy is advised when PG is detected, to explore potential associations for future research.

This study confirms that evodiamine inhibits GBC cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. The mechanism involves suppression of ZEB1 expression and inactivation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.