FOLR1 ( Folate receptor alpha )

Nevertheless, clinical translation remains challenged by response heterogeneity attributable to tumor heterogeneity, the emergence of resistance mechanisms, and class-specific adverse events including ocular toxicity, interstitial lung disease (ILD), hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. Continued refinement of next-generation ADC platforms - encompassing bispecific ADCs, dual-payload ADCs, peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), and radionuclide-conjugated drugs - is anticipated to overcome current limitations and deliver superior oncologic outcomes.

These findings demonstrate a distinct surface antigen landscape in testicular GCTs, with CLDN6, EGFR, and TROP2 emerging as leading candidates for further translational evaluation. Enrichment of these targets highlights antigenic heterogeneity within GCTs and supports further validation in appropriate disease settings including metastatic, post-treatment, and relapsed or refractory disease.

P3, N=404, Not yet recruiting, Sichuan Baili Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Initiation date: Apr 2026 --> Jul 2026

We therefore frame molecular guidance as a workflow intervention and organize evidence along a clinically oriented hierarchy-lesion detection, decision impact, and patient outcomes-highlighting the need for standardized acquisition/quantification and pathology-linked validation. We propose pragmatic, trial-compatible definitions for pathology-confirmed completeness and prespecified molecular field clearance, and discuss how AI-assisted interpretation, multimodality, and radionuclide-enabled strategies could strengthen reproducibility and extend management toward microscopic residual disease.

These recommendations aim to promote integrated, equitable, standardized FRα testing across Canada and support timely identification of patients eligible for FRα-directed therapy, clinical trial enrollment, and future biomarker-driven treatment strategies.

Estimated human dosimetry showed high absorbed dose for tumor and minimal absorbed dose for healthy tissues, establishing its safety. In totality, FOLR1-targeted 225Ac alpha-particle therapy is an efficacious and safe treatment with high feasibility for clinical translation to fight against ovarian cancer.

We also discuss emerging strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, including rational combinations and biomarker-driven approaches. Finally, we highlight the critical role of integrated genomic and immune profiling to elucidate mechanisms of response and resistance and to guide the next generation of immunotherapeutic strategies for OC.

Three ADCs are currently approved for previously treated gynaecological cancers: mirvetuximab soravtansine for folate receptor-α-positive ovarian cancer, trastuzumab deruxtecan for solid tumours expressing HER2 (defined as a staining intensity on immunohistochemistry of 3+) and tisotumab vedotin for cervical cancer (independent of tissue factor expression). Moreover, rational combinations could reinforce and extend the clinical potential of these agents, as has already been demonstrated with the addition of ADCs to immune checkpoint inhibitors in an effort to amplify antitumour immunity and prolong the durability of clinical responses. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of ADCs in gynaecological malignancies, highlighting key advances and future opportunities.

Furthermore, the AIE-active photosensitizer-based platform simultaneously mediates synergistic phototherapy through localised hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species generation, effectively inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest to prevent tumour recurrence in female mice model. This multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform represents an advancement in cancer diagnosis and treatment, offering promising translational potential for clinical applications.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) directed against folate receptor alpha (FRα) and tissue factor (TF) have shown durable responses in biomarker-selected populations. By critically synthesizing these advances, this review seeks to delineate the clinical utility of emerging therapies, highlight knowledge gaps, and inform evidence-based decision-making for clinicians and researchers.

Our large-scale study of transcriptome demonstrates FOLR2 gene expression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer in samples with low expression of PSMA. Future prediction of disease risk could be enhanced by using FOLR2 as a molecular target for identifying aggressive prostate cancer in cases of low PSMA.