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    GENE:

    FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4)

    i
    Other names: FLT4, PCL, VEGFR3, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4
    10d
    Lymphatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma: mechanism and clinicopathological physiology. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne))
    Despite the frequency of lymphatic metastasis, its prognostic impact varies: microscopic nodal disease has minimal effect on survival, while macroscopic or extranodal extension increases recurrence and mortality risks. This synthesis of current evidence aims to guide clinicians in optimizing detection, treatment, and surveillance for PTC patients with lymphatic metastasis.
    Review • Journal
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    BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • VEGFC (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C)
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    BRAF V600E • BRAF V600
    1m
    NF-κB Driven Lymphangiogenesis Impacts Kidney Function via a VEGFR-3 Mediated Pathway. (PubMed, JCI Insight)
    Compensatory upregulation of PROX-1 and podoplanin occurred despite decreased VEGFR-3 and LYVE-1 total protein expression, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms. Our findings suggest that RelA is a critical sensor for inflammation and regulator of protective lymphangiogenesis following kidney injury and provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for improved kidney injury outcomes.
    Journal
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    FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • NFKB1 (Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1) • LYVE1 (Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1)
    1m
    A novel oncogenic nonsense mutation of SMARCA4 and genetic characteristic analysis of SMARCA4 (BRG1)-deficient undifferentiated tumor of the bladder. (PubMed, Virchows Arch)
    This suggests that besides SMARCA4 deficiency, alterations in other genes may cooperatively contribute to the tumorigenesis of bladder undifferentiated tumors. These findings provide a reference for subsequent exploration of precise diagnostic and prognostic assessment and treatment strategies for this disease.
    Journal • IO biomarker
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    TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • CCND1 (Cyclin D1) • FGF19 (Fibroblast growth factor 19) • KMT2D (Lysine Methyltransferase 2D) • SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) • KMT2C (Lysine Methyltransferase 2C) • FGF3 (Fibroblast growth factor 3) • BRIP1 (BRCA1 Interacting Protein C-terminal Helicase 1) • FGF4 (Fibroblast growth factor 4) • GLI1 (GLI Family Zinc Finger 1) • STAG2 (Stromal Antigen 2) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • RICTOR (RPTOR Independent Companion Of MTOR Complex 2) • EPHA3 (EPH receptor A3)
    2ms
    Spatial profiling shows that lymphatic endothelial cells form the core of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS). (PubMed, Mod Pathol)
    At present, targeted therapies do not account for this variability; generally, responses are not based on pathology. Spatial changes in the tumor microenvironment that may provide insights into drug action and resistance mechanisms are missed.
    Journal
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    FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • CD31 (Platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) • PECAM1 (Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) • CDH5 (Cadherin 5) • LYVE1 (Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1)
    2ms
    Fruquintinib saddles tumor immune tolerance by curbing pro-tumoral immature myeloid cell populations. (PubMed, Front Immunol)
    Moreover, fruquintinib improved tumor responses to nab-paclitaxel and inhibited nab-paclitaxel-induced ex vivo differentiation of M-LECP. Finally, in silico analysis of VEGFR3/FLT4/CD310 expression in samples from cancer patients revealed higher expression of VEGFR3/FLT4/CD310 in metastatic tumors, as well as an association between VEGFR3/FLT4/CD310 expression and poorer patient survival. Overall, our findings offer new insights into the contribution of VEGFR3/FLT4/CD310 inhibition to restoring a pro-inflammatory tumor myeloid compartment and suggest M-LECP cells as candidate fruquintinib targets to overcome immunosuppression in tumors.
    Journal
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    CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • IL6 (Interleukin 6) • CD4 (CD4 Molecule) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • IL10 (Interleukin 10) • ITGAM (Integrin, alpha M) • IL1B (Interleukin 1, beta)
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    albumin-bound paclitaxel • Fruzaqla (fruquintinib)
    2ms
    Thyroid angiosarcoma: a comprehensive review. (PubMed, Semin Diagn Pathol)
    The genetic background of angiosarcoma is dominated by the impairment of genes deeply involved in angiogenesis, proliferation and survival (including MYC, KDR, FLT4, PTPRB and PLCG1) along with the dysregulation of crucial pathways like PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR and MAP kinase, with a relevant impact on possible novel therapeutic strategies. However, little is known about the molecular features of TAS and more investigations are needed to improve the characterization of this entity.
    Review • Journal
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    PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • KDR (Kinase insert domain receptor) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • NKX2-1 (NK2 Homeobox 1) • CD31 (Platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) • PAX8 (Paired box 8) • PECAM1 (Platelet And Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1)
    2ms
    Cabozantinib in Patients With Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=4, Completed, Weill Medical College of Cornell University | Recruiting --> Completed | N=30 --> 4 | Trial completion date: Jul 2027 --> Nov 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2026 --> May 2025
    Trial completion • Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date
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    FLT3 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3) • NTRK2 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2) • AXL (AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) • KDR (Kinase insert domain receptor) • FLT1 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4)
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    Cabometyx (cabozantinib tablet)
    3ms
    Association of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels with metastasis and prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
    Serum levels of VEGFC, VEGFR-3, and IGF1 are significantly correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis in NPC patients. These biomarkers, particularly when combined and integrated with EBV DNA load, serve as valuable indicators for predicting metastatic risk and assessing survival outcomes in NPC.
    Journal
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    FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • IGF1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1) • VEGFC (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C)
    3ms
    Analysis of research hotspots on the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor C and its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed, Discov Oncol)
    Influential studies clarified VEGF-C-mediated signalling (e.g. PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways), marking a shift in research from basic mechanisms toward translational strategies, such as molecular imaging, targeted therapy and immunomodulation. These findings highlight the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis as clinically substantial and provide direction for future research into the prediction and treatment of lymphatic metastasis in CSCC.
    Journal
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    VEGFA (Vascular endothelial growth factor A) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • VEGFC (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C)
    3ms
    Genomic and Demographic Characteristics of Angiosarcoma as Described in the AACR Project GENIE Registry. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel))
    In one of the largest genomic analyses of angiosarcoma to date, we identified recurrent alterations, suggesting potential future therapeutic targets.
    Journal
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    TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) • NTRK2 (Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2) • HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) • CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A) • ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) • NOTCH1 (Notch 1) • KDR (Kinase insert domain receptor) • MTAP (Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase) • CDKN2B (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B) • ATRX (ATRX Chromatin Remodeler) • NOTCH2 (Notch 2) • FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • CRKL (CRK Like Proto-Oncogene, Adaptor Protein) • POT1 (Protection of telomeres 1) • MSI2 (Musashi RNA Binding Protein 2) • ZFHX4 (Zinc Finger Homeobox 4)
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    TP53 mutation • PIK3CA mutation • CDKN2A deletion
    3ms
    Genomic characterization of host gene alterations in Theileria annulata-transformed leukocytes. (PubMed, Commun Biol)
    Functional studies revealed that inhibition of the mutated oncogene ROS1 using crizotinib induces death in infected leukocytes, confirming its role in transformation...Our findings provide new insights into how T. annulata reprograms host cells through genomic instability and mutations, identifying ROS1 and TP53 as critical targets for therapeutic intervention. This work advances understanding of parasite-induced oncogenic transformation and offers pathways for future research.
    Journal
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    TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • ROS1 (Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ROS) • BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein 1) • KMT2C (Lysine Methyltransferase 2C) • NOTCH2 (Notch 2) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4) • BARD1 (BRCA1 Associated RING Domain 1) • MAP3K1 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1) • GRIN2A (Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2A) • DAXX (Death-domain associated protein) • FCGR2B (Fc Fragment Of IgG Receptor IIb) • APOBEC3H (Apolipoprotein B MRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3H)
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    TP53 mutation
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    Xalkori (crizotinib)
    4ms
    A comprehensive description of VEGF-R1/2 small molecule inhibitors as anticancer agents. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem)
    These inhibitors can be broadly categorized into four major classes: Imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, indole, purine, indazole, quinoline, quinoxaline, and triazole derivatives. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the structural features, structure-activity relationships (SAR), and pharmacological profiles of novel VEGFR inhibitors, which will assist pharmaceutical chemists in the rational design of effective drugs for combating related tumors.
    Review • Journal
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    KDR (Kinase insert domain receptor) • FLT1 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1) • FLT4 (Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4)