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DRUG CLASS:

Estrogen receptor antagonist

15h
Z-Endoxifen Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Locally Recurrent Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=62, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Oct 2024 --> Oct 2025
Trial completion date
|
EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) • HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • AKT1 (V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) • mTOR (Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) • IGF1R (Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) • NCOA3 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3) • PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinases)
|
ER positive • HER-2 expression • EGFR expression
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Zonalta (Z-endoxifen hydrochloride)
7d
Spatio-temporal localization of P21-activated kinase in endometrial cancer. (PubMed, Biotechnol Appl Biochem)
Tamoxifen is the drug of choice in ER-positive breast cancer, and several studies have shown better disease-free survival in these patients...In addition, a computational approach involving molecular modeling and simulation of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of PAK1 was used to elucidate the dynamics of nuclear localization. Thus, PAK1 phosphorylation by JAK2 is a prerequisite for its nuclear localization and its tumorigenic effects on endometrial cancer cells.
Journal
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ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
ER positive
|
tamoxifen
8d
Disabled 2 (Dab2) Regulates Tumour Progression in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (PubMed, Exp Dermatol)
We generated tamoxifen inducible Dab2 conditional knockout system for our study...In patients, TCGA data analysis of skin cancer melanoma (SKCM) showed a trend where high levels of Dab2 correlated with poor overall survival. The present study shows that Dab2 promotes tumour progression in skin SCC.
Journal
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SOX2 • VIM (Vimentin) • TWIST1 (Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1) • DAB2 (DAB Adaptor Protein 2)
|
VIM expression • SOX2 expression
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tamoxifen
9d
Inhibition of GPX4 enhances CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy activity in breast cancer. (PubMed, Nat Commun)
Depletion or inhibition of GPX4 increases sensitivity to palbociclib and giredestrant, and their combination, in ER+ breast cancer models, with GPX4 null xenografts being highly sensitive to palbociclib. Lipid peroxidation is promoted by a peroxisome AGPAT3-dependent pathway in ER+ breast cancer models, rather than the classical ACSL4 pathway. Our data demonstrate that CDK4/6 and ER inhibition creates vulnerability to ferroptosis induction, that could be exploited through combination with GPX4 inhibitors, to enhance sensitivity to the current therapies in breast cancer.
Journal
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GPX4 (Glutathione Peroxidase 4) • ACSL4 (Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4)
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Ibrance (palbociclib) • giredestrant (GDC-9545)
10d
A Phase 1 Trial of ERX-315 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=15, Recruiting, EtiraRx Australia Pty Ltd | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open • Metastases
11d
Testing Low Dose Tamoxifen for Invasive Breast Cancer, the (LoTam) Trial (clinicaltrials.gov)
P3, N=1156, Not yet recruiting, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
New P3 trial
|
tamoxifen • letrozole • anastrozole • exemestane
18d
New trial • Adherence
|
tamoxifen
19d
PRODH Regulates Tamoxifen Resistance through Ferroptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. (PubMed, Genes (Basel))
These findings suggest that PRODH regulates tamoxifen resistance by regulating ferroptosis in tamoxifen-resistant cells.
Journal
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ER (Estrogen receptor) • GPX4 (Glutathione Peroxidase 4) • PRODH (Proline Dehydrogenase 1)
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ER positive • GPX4 expression
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tamoxifen
20d
Phosphazene Tripeptide Conjugates: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity, Molecular Interactions in Binding Pockets on Human Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines. (PubMed, ChemMedChem)
DTVM outperformed Tamoxifen at 50 µM in the MCF-7 cell line...The differences in docking scores and interaction profiles highlight the potential efficacy and specificity of these compounds in targeting breast and colon cancer cells. These findings highlight the potential of phosphazene-peptide derivatives as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
Preclinical • Journal
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KDR (Kinase insert domain receptor)
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tamoxifen
22d
Endothelial Beta 1 Integrins are Necessary for Microvascular Function and Glucose Uptake. (PubMed, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab)
Mice with (itgb1fl/flSCLcre) and without (itgb1fl/fl) tamoxifen inducible stem cell leukemia cre recombinase (SLCcre) expression at 10 days post cre induction had comparable exercise tolerance and pulmonary and cardiac functions. Using robust in vivo experimental platforms (i.e., intravital microscopy and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), we show that itgb1fl/flSCLcre mice compared to itgb1fl/fl littermates have, i) deficits in capillary flow rate, flow heterogeneity, and capillary density; ii) impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake despite sufficient transcapillary insulin efflux; and iii) reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake due to perfusion-limited glucose delivery. Thus, EC itgb1 is necessary for microcirculatory function and to meet the metabolic challenge of insulin stimulation.
Journal
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ITGB1 (Integrin Subunit Beta 1)
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tamoxifen
22d
Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance: insight from long non-coding RNAs. (PubMed, Front Oncol)
In this comprehensive review, we systematically summarize the critical role and intricate molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, we propose the potential clinical significance of lncRNAs as innovative therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
Review • Journal
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ER (Estrogen receptor)
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ER positive
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tamoxifen
23d
EndomERA: A Study of Giredestrant in Participants With Grade 1 Endometrial Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Hoffmann-La Roche | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
Enrollment closed
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giredestrant (GDC-9545)
23d
dCas9-HDAC8-EGFP fusion enables epigenetic editing of breast cancer cells by H3K9 deacetylation. (PubMed, Eur J Cell Biol)
Furthermore, we observed a significant downregulation of full length ERα expression in epigenetically edited MCF-7 cells with consequential alteration in cellular response toward estradiol and tamoxifen treatment due to dCas9-HDAC8-EGFP mediated epigenetic editing of the ESR1 gene. Overall, dCas9-HDAC8-EGFP is a novel circuit that enabled downregulation of crucial genes with cellular outcome in breast cancer cells by preferentially inducing H3K9 deacetylation of specific promoter regions.
Journal
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ER (Estrogen receptor) • CDKN1C (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C)
|
tamoxifen
24d
CYP2D6 activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with single agent tamoxifen: results from ECOG-ACRIN E3108. (PubMed, Breast Cancer Res Treat)
We did not observe significant associations between CYP2D6 metabolizer status or endoxifen with PFS. Small sample sizes and barriers to adequate samples in this trial prohibited determination of relationship between these markers and PFS.
Journal • Metastases
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CYP2D6 (Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily D Member 6)
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HR positive
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tamoxifen
24d
Quantitative Assessment of PALB2 and BRIP1 Genes Expression in the Breast Cancer Cell Line under the Influence of Tamoxifen. (PubMed, Galen Med J)
Our findings showed a significant alteration between PALB2 gene expression in the TAM-treated breast cancer cell line and the control cell line. The quantitative assessment of mentioned genes as possible markers could be considered a non-invasive method for breast cancer in the processes of prognostic evaluations, screening, and treatment monitoring.
Preclinical • Journal • BRCA Biomarker
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BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1, early onset) • BRCA2 (Breast cancer 2, early onset) • PALB2 (Partner and localizer of BRCA2) • BRIP1 (BRCA1 Interacting Protein C-terminal Helicase 1)
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tamoxifen
24d
Long term safety of controlled ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation prior to chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients. (PubMed, Fertil Steril)
Fertility preservation with controlled ovarian stimulation for patients with breast cancer was not found to impair long-term oncologic outcomes, including in emerging clinically relevant subgroups.
Journal • BRCA Biomarker
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ER (Estrogen receptor) • BRCA (Breast cancer early onset)
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ER positive • BRCA mutation
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tamoxifen
27d
Analysis of the Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Biomarkers after Photobiomodulation Therapy in Hormone Blocker-Treated Mastectomized Women: A Randomized, Blind, and Controlled Clinical Study. (PubMed, Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg)
This study aimed to analyze the values of the biomarkers ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (PCR_us) and Homocysteine (HCy) after the use of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) in mastectomized patients using hormonal blockers Tamoxifen and Aromatase Inhibitors...However, a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05) for HCy in the 3rd and 4th months. During ILIB Therapy, there was a reduction in HCy, which may favor the improvement of cardiovascular function in these patients undergoing anticancer therapies.
Clinical • Journal
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CRP (C-reactive protein)
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tamoxifen
29d
Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Metastases
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HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor)
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ER positive • HER-2 negative • ESR1 mutation • HER-2 negative + ER positive • HER-2 negative + ER positive + ESR1 mutation
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everolimus • tamoxifen • fulvestrant • dexamethasone • exemestane • giredestrant (GDC-9545)
1m
Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) Dried Fruits on Breast Adenocarcinoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidences. (PubMed, Environ Toxicol)
The normal (NOR) and negative (DMBA) control groups were daily treated with the vehicle, while the positive (Tamox) and test (XAE) groups were administered tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg) and X. aethiopica extract (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW), respectively for 20 weeks...Furthermore, there was an elevation in antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6) observed at all tested doses. Overall, X. aethiopica dry fruit displays anticancer potential through caspase-3-dependent apoptosis pathways, alongside antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Preclinical • Journal
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IL6 (Interleukin 6) • TNFA (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha) • CASP3 (Caspase 3)
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tamoxifen
1m
Treating endometrial hyperplasia (EH) post-tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer survivors: what are our options? (PubMed, Med Oncol)
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been explored as preventive strategies, but its impact on breast cancer recurrence especially in Progesterone receptor (PR)-positive patient is not clear. Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) have shown beneficial results in EH after tamoxifen and their role should be explored in further trials.
Review • Journal
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PGR (Progesterone receptor)
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tamoxifen
1m
Investigation of a Radio-Iodinated Alpha-Mangostin for Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) in Breast Cancer: In Silico Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther)
The results obtained showed that the uptake of [125I]I-AM into MCF-7 cells was found to be inhibited by AM and tamoxifen, suggesting that its uptake is partially mediated by ERα...These results suggested that AM would be a useful platform for the development of a new radiopharmaceutical targeting ERα. Further studies are, however, required to reduce deiodination of &lsqb;125I]I-AM in vivo.
Journal
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ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
tamoxifen
1m
Breast mucoepidermoid carcinoma with a rare CRTC3-MAML2 fusion. (PubMed, Int Cancer Conf J)
We only administered tamoxifen postoperatively without other adjuvant therapy because her tumor partially expressed hormonal receptors. No signs indicate a recurrence or metastasis in our over 3 year follow-up. The genetic analysis helps in definitively diagnosing breast mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and the treatment strategy should be considered based on the histologic findings.
Journal
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MAML2 (Mastermind Like Transcriptional Coactivator 2)
|
tamoxifen
1m
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast Presenting With Contralateral Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus)
This patient had a history of right ER/PR positive HER2 negative stage 1 breast cancer s/p lumpectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and radiation plus tamoxifen x6 months in 2017...No right-sided sentinel node was identified. The right breast lesions and the left axillary lymph node metastases are all morphologically similar and showed strong ER expression, the results of which are compatible with spreading to the contralateral axilla.
Journal
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HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
HER-2 positive • HER-2 negative • ER positive + PGR positive • PGR positive • HER-2 negative + AR positive + ER positive • HER-2 negative + ER positive • HER-2 negative + PGR positive
|
tamoxifen
1m
Deletion of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β suppresses tumorigenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) mice with diabetes. (PubMed, Sci Rep)
Furthermore, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver were less severe in diabetic MASH using tamoxifen-induced PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ)-deficient mice (KO) than in control dMASH using floxed mice (FL) at 12 weeks old...An Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed miRNA between FL and KO identified functional networks associated with hepatotoxicity and cancer. Therefore, PDGFRβ signals play important roles in the progression of steatohepatitis and tumorigenesis in MASH, with the modulation of miRNA expression posited as a potential underlying mechanism.
Preclinical • Journal
|
PDGFRB (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta) • PDGFA (Platelet Derived Growth Factor Subunit A)
|
tamoxifen
1m
Adjuvant endocrine therapy and risk of contralateral breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. (PubMed, Cancer Causes Control)
This meta-analysis of observational studies supports a reduction in CBC risk with endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors, in concert with evidence synthesized from randomized clinical trials, and highlights differences in endocrine therapy effectiveness by ER-status of CBC.
Clinical • Observational data • Retrospective data • Review • Journal
|
ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
ER positive • ER negative
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tamoxifen
1m
Cystathionine-γ-lyase contributes to tamoxifen resistance, and the compound I194496 alleviates this effect by inhibiting the PPARγ/ACSL1/STAT3 signalling pathway in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. (PubMed, Sci Rep)
We observed that the novel CSE inhibitor I194496 can reverse TAM resistance in TAM-resistant breast cancer via targeting the PPARγ/ACSL1/STAT3 signalling pathway. Overall, our data indicate that CSE may serve as a biomarker of TAM resistance and that the CSE inhibitor I194496 is a promising candidate for combating TAM resistance.
Journal
|
ER (Estrogen receptor) • PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma) • ACSL1 (Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 1)
|
ER positive
|
tamoxifen
1m
Phase 1b Combo w/ Ribociclib, Alpelisib, or Everolimus (clinicaltrials.gov)
P1, N=155, Recruiting, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | N=90 --> 155 | Trial completion date: Aug 2024 --> Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2024 --> May 2026
Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Combination therapy • Metastases
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)
|
HER-2 negative
|
everolimus • Piqray (alpelisib) • Kisqali (ribociclib) • palazestrant (OP-1250)
1m
Caffeine mitigates tamoxifen-induced fatty liver in Wistar rats. (PubMed, Acta Cir Bras)
The findings suggest that caffeine administration attenuates tamoxifen-induced fatty liver in rats by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, liver injury, and cell damage. Histopathological evidence further supports the protective role of caffeine. This study highlights the potential of caffeine as a therapeutic intervention to counter tamoxifen-induced hepatic complications, contributing to the optimization of breast cancer treatment strategies.
Preclinical • Journal
|
TNFA (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha)
|
tamoxifen
1m
New trial
|
tamoxifen
1m
Mast cell heparanase promotes breast cancer stem-like features via MUC1/estrogen receptor axis. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis)
The MUC1/estrogen receptor axis is eventually essential for cancer stem-like features, specifically in HER2-negative cells, and promotes the capability of cancer cells to form mammospheres and express stem-related genes, also reducing their sensitivity to tamoxifen administration. Altogether our findings describe a novel mechanism by which mast cells could increase the aggressiveness of breast cancer uncovering a molecular mechanism displaying differences based on the specific breast cancer subtype.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor) • MUC1 (Mucin 1)
|
HER-2 negative • ER expression • HER-2 negative + ER positive
|
tamoxifen
2ms
The effect of tamoxifen as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer on apolipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (PubMed, Exp Gerontol)
The current meta-analysis demonstrated an increase of ApoA-I and a decrease of ApoB and lipoprotein(a) levels after treatment with tamoxifen in women.
Retrospective data • Review • Journal
|
APOA1 (Apolipoprotein A-I) • APOB (Apolipoprotein B)
|
tamoxifen
2ms
PPARγ antagonism as a new tool for preventing or overcoming endocrine resistance in luminal A breast cancers. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother)
Our findings demonstrate that the overexpression of PPARγ is a frequent occurrence during acquisition of Tam resistance in luminal A BC cells, and that PPARγ antagonism represents an alternative therapeutic approach for the personalized treatment of BC showing dysregulation of this nuclear receptor.
Journal
|
PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma)
|
imatinib • tamoxifen
2ms
New Mitochondria-Targeted Fisetin Derivative Compromises Mitophagy and Limits Survival of Drug-Induced Senescent Breast Cancer Cells. (PubMed, J Med Chem)
In the present study, triphenyl phosphonium cationic group-conjugated fisetin (mito-fisetin) was synthesized, and its anticancer activity was investigated in several cellular models of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in vitro and in vivo in proliferating and tamoxifen-promoted senescent states...Senescent breast cancer cells were found to be more sensitive to mito-fisetin treatment than proliferating ones. We postulate that mitochondrial targeting in the case of fisetin may be considered as a promising anticancer and senotherapeutic strategy to eliminate drug-resistant senescent breast cancer cells.
Journal
|
ER (Estrogen receptor) • HSP90AA1 (Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1)
|
ER positive
|
tamoxifen
2ms
Finding the Best Tamoxifen Dose for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction in Premenopausal Women, RENAISSANCE Trial (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=200, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
Enrollment open
|
ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase RNA Specific)
|
tamoxifen
2ms
Invasive lobular carcinoma of the male breast: A case report. (PubMed, Radiol Case Rep)
Treatment typically follows protocols for female breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy, with tamoxifen being commonly used. Further research is needed to better understand its pathogenesis and to develop more effective, tailored treatments.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PGR (Progesterone receptor)
|
HER-2 negative • ER positive + PGR positive • PGR positive • HER-2 negative + AR positive + ER positive • HER-2 negative + PGR positive
|
tamoxifen
2ms
New P3 trial
|
Zonalta (Z-endoxifen hydrochloride)
2ms
Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Endoxifen in Bipolar I Disorder Patients (clinicaltrials.gov)
P3, N=124, Completed, Jina Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Recruiting --> Completed
Trial completion
|
Zonalta (Z-endoxifen hydrochloride)
2ms
Postmarketing adverse events of tamoxifen in male and female patients with breast cancer. (PubMed, Int J Cancer)
Male patients with BC had a relatively higher risk of hospitalization (χ2 = 4.83, p = .03) and a lower risk of deaths (χ2 = 5.32, p = .02). Theses finding may assist healthcare professionals in recognizing the TAM-associated AEs and understanding gender differences, potentially improving safety in clinical applications.
P4 data • Journal • Adverse events
|
ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
tamoxifen
2ms
Use of Differential ScanninTableg Calorimetry as a Rapid, Effective In-process Check Method for Impurity Quantitation of an Early Clinical Batch of Giredestrant (GDC-9545). (PubMed, J Pharm Sci)
This thermal analysis method was used as a surrogate for chromatography as a rapid, effective in-process check method for impurity quantitation to enable the timely release of the final reworked clinical batch. Post release, the % w/w oligomer value determined by calorimetry was in excellent agreement to that obtained by size exclusion chromatography.
Journal
|
HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • ER (Estrogen receptor)
|
HER-2 negative
|
giredestrant (GDC-9545)
2ms
Drug response-based precision therapeutic selection for tamoxifen-resistant triple-positive breast cancer. (PubMed, J Proteomics)
Seven drugs were shortlisted for their time-dependent (10-12 days) cytotoxic effect and further narrowed to three effective drugs (e.g., cisplatin, doxorubicin, and hydroxychloroquine). We identified multiple druggable targets and, using ex-vivo methods narrowed multiple drugs to disease-condition-specific therapeutics. We consider that our investigation successfully interconnected the expression data with the functional disease-specific therapeutic investigation and selected drugs can be used for effective resistant treatment with higher therapeutic response.
Journal
|
TERC (Telomerase RNA Component)
|
cisplatin • tamoxifen • doxorubicin hydrochloride • hydroxychloroquine
2ms
Bulk mRNA-seq data from wild-type and prostate cancer-developing mice reveal a reprogramming of the estrogen and androgen responses after carcinogenesis. (PubMed, Data Brief)
New analyses can be carried out with specific fold-change thresholds for gene expression, or with different pair-wise combinations between conditions (treatments and/or mouse models). Together, the data generated herein are a useful tool to study hormonal transcriptional responses in prostate and prostate cancer biology.
Preclinical • Journal
|
PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog)
|
tamoxifen
2ms
Everolimus and Letrozole or Hormonal Therapy to Treat Endometrial Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
P2, N=74, Completed, GOG Foundation | Active, not recruiting --> Completed
Trial completion • Trial completion date • Metastases
|
PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • PGR (Progesterone receptor) • PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) • CTNNB1 (Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1)
|
KRAS mutation • PIK3CA mutation • MTOR mutation
|
everolimus • tamoxifen • letrozole