ER (Estrogen receptor)

P=N/A, N=15, Active, not recruiting, Parul Barry | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Mar 2028 --> Jan 2030 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Jan 2026

Our findings support a role of rare pathogenic germline variants involved in DNA damage repair, and particularly those predisposing to breast cancer, in the immune landscape of breast tumors. These insights may help guide the development of immunomodulatory strategies for breast cancer prevention and treatment.

In addition, we highlight the importance of molecular stratification and biomarker-driven approaches to identify patients most likely to benefit from anti-angiogenic therapy. Overall, while VEGFR-targeted therapy alone has shown limited success, rational combination strategies and improved patient selection may significantly enhance its clinical utility in TNBC.

Integrating machine learning with XAI and Bayesian approaches effectively identified key predictors of mortality in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. However, marked heterogeneity in model performance across subgroups highlights the critical need for external validation and careful evaluation of algorithmic fairness before clinical implementation.

Future directions emphasize next-generation ICIs, optimized combination regimens, and AI-driven biomarker integration to achieve durable, personalized treatments. This review underscores the potential of immunotherapy to redefine TNBC management while highlighting the imperative for continued innovation to address unmet clinical needs.

The model was externally validated in an independent cohort of 143 TPBC patients treated between January 2022 and December 2024, and the results demonstrated robust predictive performance and good calibration. This model serves as a tool for early risk stratification in TPBC, thereby facilitating personalized treatment strategies and risk-adapted surveillance to improve patient outcomes.

These findings support a significant role of African-ancestry specific genetic factors in determining breast cancer subtypes and highlight the need for future research to uncover possible pathways driving TNBC susceptibility.

These three types of immune desserts can coexist with each other and with immune hot regions in the same tumor. The coordinated interplay of NOS2 and COX2 indicates that targeting both these enzymes provides an effective treatment strategy that is supported by ongoing clinical trials demonstrating improved clinical outcomes in patients who have otherwise exhausted treatment options.

P=N/A, N=30, Active, not recruiting, Montefiore Medical Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P=N/A, N=10, Recruiting, Emory University | Trial completion date: Apr 2027 --> Feb 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2026 --> Feb 2027

Stratification based on combined receptor status may facilitate more personalized treatment approaches and improve clinical outcomes in this aggressive malignancy. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings and explore targeted therapeutic strategies for high-risk subgroups.

Endocrine therapy with letrozole led to systemic improvement. However, diarrhea and abdominal pain persisted until palbociclib was initiated, after which both symptoms markedly improved...In patients with breast cancer, particularly ILC, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms may suggest metastasis. Careful endoscopic evaluation with biopsy is essential for diagnosis and monitoring the treatment response.