The multi-national phase 1/2 SKIPPER study evaluated gilteritinib combined with fludarabine and cytarabine chemotherapy and granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor (FLAG) in children and adolescents/young adults with relapsed/refractory FLT3‑ITD AML. The gilteritinib and FLAG regimen had manageable safety, induced high remission rates, and enabled allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for several patients. Although limited by a small sample size, these findings support further evaluation of gilteritinib in pediatric patients with FLT3-mutated AML, particularly in frontline settings (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04240002).

Collectively, these findings suggest that ASXL1MUT AML may be more appropriately classified as intermediate risk in the context of LIT+VEN-based therapy, with the depth of impact influenced by the specific LIT backbone.

Antiviral therapies-pegylated interferon alfa and nucleos(t)ide analogues (entecavir or tenofovir)-suppress HBV DNA replication and reduce the risk of HCC by approximately 50%...Universal HBV vaccination, particularly birth-dose administration, is the most effective strategy to prevent HBV infection. Among patients with HBV infection, antiviral therapy decreases progression to cirrhosis and liver failure and reduces the risk of HCC.

P2, N=24, Recruiting, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

RUNX1 disruption was also associated with reduced in vitro sensitivity to multiple drugs, including cytarabine and anthracyclines. Our study provides the most comprehensive molecular characterization of pediatric AML-M0 to date and identifies RUNX1 alterations as important biological and clinical determinants. These insights highlight the potential strategies for precision therapy, including hypomethylating agents, signaling inhibitors, and metabolic targeting, to improve outcomes.

The patient received induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin along with localized radiotherapy. This case highlights the importance of considering hematologic malignancies in patients presenting with atypical or treatment-refractory scrotal swellings. Early biopsy and multidisciplinary evaluation are essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Although brequinar and cytarabine altered nucleotide metabolism through distinct mechanisms, differentiation induced by all agents was abolished by supplementation with high levels of ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides, confirming that nucleotide imbalance is a central driver. Consistent with these differences, RRM2 depletion enhanced differentiation in U937 cells without affecting viability but impaired differentiation and survival in MOLM-13 cells. These findings position nucleotide metabolism as a key regulator of AML differentiation and suggest that combining RNR-targeted and checkpoint-modulating strategies could optimize therapeutic responses.

The patient was treated with induction chemotherapy (7 + 3 regimen: daunorubicin and cytarabine), but her condition deteriorated, and she eventually succumbed to respiratory failure. This case highlights the importance of considering hematologic malignancy in the differential diagnosis of DAH, particularly in the absence of other identifiable causes.

The patient was treated with standard induction chemotherapy using the "7 + 3″ regimen consisting of cytarabine and daunorubicin. During treatment, she developed fever, jaundice, and profound pancytopenia, and on day 12 she suffered sudden cardiorespiratory arrest and died. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of gastrointestinal myeloid sarcoma, highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing it from other malignancies, and emphasizes the aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis that may occur even in non-leukemic presentations.

There was no significant difference in the total incidence rate of adverse reactions between groups (P > 0.05). Ganciclovir combined with recombinant human interferon α-1b can effectively treat viral encephalitis in children, improve cerebral hemodynamics and neurological function, enhance immune function, and relieve inflammatory response, and it dose not increase adverse reactions.

P=N/A, N=150, Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine

P=N/A, N=140, Peking University Third Hospital; Peking University Third Hospital