Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

P1, N=1314, Recruiting, Exelixis | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting

In young patients with ITN, the Afirma GSC demonstrated an excellent negative predictive value when defining a TN result by histology or clinical follow-up.

Preoperative NGS profiling, particularly the detection of high-risk multi-gene co-mutations, provides a powerful tool for refined risk assessment. This molecularly guided strategy has the potential to inform personalized surgical planning directly, optimizing the extent of lymph node dissection to improve oncologic outcomes while minimizing unnecessary morbidity.

Preliminary results indicate that the biomarker panel combining serum miR-485-3p levels with CDUS parameters shows diagnostic potential for PTC. In vitro experiments confirmed the potential of the miR-485-3p/GCNT4 axis in modulating the malignant behavior of PTC cells.

Rare reports of metastasis suggest a potentially more aggressive clinical course than typical BCC. Comprehensive excision and long-term surveillance are recommended to optimize outcomes and further characterize this rare variant.

Furthermore, the preclinical investigation demonstrated that targeting this newly identified signaling with lipofermata (a FATP2-specific inhibitor) suppressed PTC progression. Together, these findings suggest that adipocytes in the PTC microenvironment may function via FATP2/TR4 signaling to regulate PTC progression, and targeting this newly identified adipocyte/FATP2/TR4 signaling axis may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for PTC.

P1, N=200, Recruiting, Janssen Research & Development, LLC | Trial completion date: Jul 2028 --> Feb 2029

P=N/A, N=40, Not yet recruiting, University Medical Center Groningen | Trial completion date: Aug 2026 --> Dec 2028 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> Mar 2028

However, notably, certain mutations were exclusive to specific groups, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), anaplastic lymphoma kinase/echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (ALK/EML4), and paired box 8 - peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PAX8-PPARG) in OPTCs or EIF1AX in OCs. Importantly, only 3.6% (1/28) of malignant OPTC/ONs were tested negative on molecular analysis, suggesting that ONs with negative molecular test results are more likely to be benign than malignant.

This study provides new insights into the gene expression profile of thyroid CSC-like cells and their interactions with cells constituting tumor tissues.

The localization of anaplastic transformation solely to lymph nodes without thyroidal involvement underscores the importance of meticulous histopathological assessment. Comprehensive diagnostic workup and molecular profiling are critical in guiding treatment for such complex presentations.

The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of considering the identified genomic and epigenomic features when choosing surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy, thereby increasing the chances for long-term remission. Additionally, it emphasizes the standardization of analytical methods and the development of a unified system for evaluating the combined genetic alterations, which could enhance the quality of prognostic stratification and more effectively tailor treatment strategies.