Furthermore, silencing of DDIT4-AS1 enhances the sensitivity of TNBC cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo...Importantly, the codelivery nanoparticles exert a stronger antitumor effect on breast cancer patient-derived organoids. These findings indicate that lncRNA DDIT4-AS1-mediated activation of autophagy promotes progression and chemoresistance of TNBC, and targeting of DDIT4-AS1 may be exploited as a new therapeutic approach to enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy against TNBC.