DCT (Dopachrome Tautomerase)

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CBN effectively modulates the melanogenesis signaling pathway by targeting both upstream kinases and downstream melanogenic genes. These findings suggest that CBN holds great promise as a bioactive agent for skin-whitening applications and warrants further research to confirm its clinical efficacy and safety.

The resulting Mel-A not only possesses good photothermal stability and biocompatibility, but also displays higher photothermal conversion efficiency (66.5%) with good photoacoustic imaging (PAI) performance, significantly enhancing the efficacy of photothermal therapy of breast tumor. The study provides a promising strategy to regulate biosynthesis of melanin nanoparticles for improving their applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Distinct miRNA expression profiles are associated with progressive stages of laryngeal mucosal lesions. Specific miRNAs may serve as valuable biomarkers for early detection, risk stratification, and prognosis in vocal fold carcinogenesis.

MIF and DDT are critical mediators of UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Their overlapping yet non-redundant signaling properties and emerging clinical relevance suggest that targeting these cytokines may offer new opportunities for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of UV-induced skin cancers.

Our methodology thus reveals dynamic patterns of lineage state switching correlated with melanoma tumor evolution to drive insight into new therapeutic targets. Newly identified melanoblast cell states are reawakened in metastasizing and therapy-resistant melanomas.

Pearl can alleviate melasma by targeting the CREB1/MITF axis and then the melasma-related gene loci TYR and DCT.

L-Theanine inhibited melanogenesis by downregulating the PKA/CREB and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. In summary, L-theanine shows potential as a skin-whitening compound, warranting further investigation for its possible applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Our study highlights the association between PAX3 expression, pigmentation markers such as MITF and TRYP2 and cancer stem-cell markers in UM progression.

Finally, the effects of the CP-AcT on the expression of three proteins involved in the biosynthesis pathway of melanin: tyrosinase (TYR), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and endothelin 3 (EDN3) were analyzed. The results indicate that the complex CP-AcT effectively promotes melanin production in both types of melanoma cells.

This could contribute to ineffective antitumor immune responses in UM patients. Our findings suggest avenues for developing novel therapeutic approaches to counteract these immunosuppressive effects in UM.

Dual MIF and DDT blockade may provide synergistic responses in patients with melanoma, irrespective of common mutations, and may overcome ICI resistance. These markers may also provide prognostic value for further biomarker development.

Enzyme inhibition experiments led to the discovery of the compound 10d, which exhibited moderate inhibitory potency (IC50 of 5.9 ± 0.7 μM), but unfortunately demonstrated no activity in D-DT degradation experiments. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insight into the SAR of D-DT inhibition, paving the way for the development of novel molecules as tools to study D-DT functions in tumor proliferation and, ultimately, new therapeutics for cancer treatment.