P2, N=40, Terminated, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A | Completed --> Terminated; Taking into account that 5 out of 22 patients in the Reparixin group experienced EAD during the first stage of the study, according to the Protocol and the DMC conclusion, it was decided on the early termination of the study

P1, N=15, Not yet recruiting, Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Initiation date: Nov 2024 --> Feb 2025

P2, N=53, Recruiting, Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. | Initiation date: Jun 2024 --> Nov 2024

P3, N=409, Terminated, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A | Recruiting --> Terminated; The study was stopped due to futility as per protocol

P2, N=140, Recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P2, N=26, Recruiting, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Dec 2025

P2, N=66, Recruiting, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A | Trial completion date: May 2025 --> Aug 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2025 --> Aug 2025

P1, N=15, Not yet recruiting, Roswell Park Cancer Institute

P2, N=140, Not yet recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company

PLAG had a significantly higher tumor growth inhibitory effect and survival rate than other neutrophil infiltration-targeting inhibitors (e.g., Navarixin, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D antibody [aLy6G])...PLAG-mediated inhibition of neutrophil infiltration enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), increasing the antitumor efficacy and survival rate by 30 %. In conclusion, PLAG could be a novel alternative to anti-tumor drugs that effectively targets excessive neutrophil infiltration into cancer tissues.

Remarkably, these therapeutics do not impact the ability of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill ingested bacteria. Taken together, these results mechanistically explain why CXCR1/2 inhibition has been active in cancer but without infectious complications.

By means of these studies we identified compound 10, a previously reported tert-butyl analogue of navarixin, as a low nanomolar intracellular CCR6 antagonist. Further, our assay platform clearly indicated intracellular binding of the CCR6 antagonist PF-07054894, currently evaluated in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, thereby providing profound evidence for the existence and the pharmacological relevance of a druggable IABS at CCR6.

Furthermore, we observed that the use of IL-8 receptor antagonists, SB225002, or Navarixin, significantly reduced TAM infiltration and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment. This finding indicates that inhibiting IL-8R activity can attenuate the impact of CAFs on the tumor microenvironment, thus restraining the progression of lung cancer.

P1/2, N=12, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

sCAFs promote peritoneal metastasis of DGC via IL-8-mediated crosstalk.

P2, N=53, Recruiting, Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Collectively, our findings highlight the significance of a selective CXCR2+/CD11b+/Gr-1+ subset myeloid cells in favoring the development of CRLM with NAFLD background, and identify a pharmaceutic medicine which is already available for the clinical trials and potential treatment.

P2, N=350, Recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 --> Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2025 --> Aug 2025

P1/2, N=50, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Overall, we demonstrated that TAMs boosted PDAC cell glycolysis through the IL-8/STAT3/GLUT3 signaling pathway. Our cumulative findings suggest that the abrogation of TAM-induced tumor glycolysis by reparixin might exhibit an antitumor impact and offer a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.

Taken together, our study implicates CXCL1 as a critical role in ERBC growth and metastasis via crosstalk with fibroblast and cotargeting CXCR1/2 and CDK4/6 could potentially overcome endocrine resistant breast cancer.

In addition, our results demonstrate that IFN-α exposure significantly increases the differentiation of HCC stem cells, but this effect is reversed by the addition of the CXCL8 receptor CXCR1/2 inhibitor Reparixin and STAT3 inhibitor Stattic...Overall, our findings clarify that IFN-α triggers immunosuppression and cancer stem cell differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating CXCL8 secretion. This discovery provides a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of HCC treatment in the future.

P1, N=20, Recruiting, University of Rochester | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025

Safety and tolerability of the combination were manageable. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03473925).

P2, N=53, Not yet recruiting, Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.

P2, N=350, Recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Phase classification: P2b --> P2 | Trial completion date: Jul 2026 --> Mar 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2025 --> Apr 2025

P1/2, N=53, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025

P2, N=26, Recruiting, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

P1, N=77, Recruiting, Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2023 --> Jun 2025

P1/2, N=50, Not yet recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Targeting CAF-derived IL-8 may defeat PD-L1 upregulation-mediated immune resistance in GC cells, which provides a novel approach to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacies of patients with GC.

P2b, N=350, Recruiting, Eli Lilly and Company | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1, N=151, Recruiting, Syntrix Biosystems, Inc. | N=64 --> 151 | Trial completion date: Mar 2024 --> Mar 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2023 --> Mar 2028

Here, we report the rational design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a series of fluorescent NAMs, based on navarixin (2), which display high affinity and preferential binding for CXCR2 over CXCR1. We demonstrate their application in fluorescence imaging and NanoBRET binding assays, in whole cells or membranes, capable of kinetic and equilibrium analysis of NAM binding, providing a platform to screen for alternative chemophores targeting these receptors.

P2, N=25, Recruiting, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

The CRIP1/NF-κB/CXCL axis is critical for triggering immune evasion and TIME formation in PDAC. Blockade of this signalling pathway prevents MDSC trafficking and thereby sensitises PDAC to immunotherapy.

P2, N=25, Not yet recruiting, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins | Trial completion date: May 2026 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 --> Sep 2026

Here, we provide novel mechanistic insight revealing how loss of Cxcr2 expression/activity in melanoma tumor progenitor cells results in reduced tumor burden and creation of an anti-tumor immune microenvironment. This mechanism entails an increase in expression of the tumor suppressive transcription factor, Tfcp2l1, along with alteration in the expression of genes involved in growth regulation, tumor suppression, stemness, differentiation, and immune modulation. These gene expression changes are coincident with reduction in the activation of key growth regulatory pathways, including AKT and mTOR.

We also investigated the effect of adding SX682, a small-molecule inhibitor of CXCR1/2 known to reduce MDSC trafficking to tumor microenvironment, to our therapeutic approach...Treatment with HMGN1, FSL-1, R848, and anti-CTLA4 antibody increased the number of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ effector/memory T cells in both tumors and draining lymph nodes and triggered the generation of 4T1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the draining lymph nodes. Thus, we developed a potentially curative immunotherapeutic regimen consisting of HMGN1, FSL-1, R848, plus a checkpoint inhibitor for TNBC, which does not rely on the administration of chemotherapy, radiation, or exogenous tumor-associated antigen(s).

P1/2, N=12, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2021 --> Feb 2023

30 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the PBC model group (PBC group), reparixin intervention group (Rep group), and blank control group (Con group) in an in vivo experiment...Compared with the IL-8 group, the proliferation of human intrahepatic cholangiocyte epithelial cells, NF-κB and ERK pathway-related proteins, and inflammatory indicators were significantly reduced in the Rep group (P < 0.05). The CXCR1/CXCL8 axis can regulate the abnormal proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells in PBC, and its mechanism of action may be related to NF-κB and ERK pathways.

Recombinant human IL-8 (rhIL-8) reversed the inhibitory effect of Dicer on proliferation (P < .01), migration (P = .003), and invasion (P = .001), whereas IL-8 inhibitor of reparixin enhanced inhibitory effect of Dicer on proliferation (P < .05), migration (P = .008), and invasion (P = .000). Animal experiments also demonstrated that Dicer cooperated with lenvatinib to inhibit the growth of HCC tumors (P < .05). Dicer cooperated with lenvatinib to inhibit HCC growth via downregulating IL-8, and Dicer displayed its potential capability to enhance the anti-tumor effect of lenvatinib.