CTSS (Cathepsin S)

Our findings highlight the potential of another M-GB-ADC as a targeted therapy for overcoming rituximab resistance and treatment failure in DLBCL. This strategy enhances therapeutic efficacy and represents a preclinical proof-of-concept treatment option by directing a cathepsin-inhibitor payload specifically to malignant B cells.

This study suggests that eupatolitin suppresses, at least partially, the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells by promoting p38 phosphorylation and downregulating cathepsin S and cathepsin B expression. The findings provide experimental evidence supporting the antimetastatic potential of eupatolitin. Nonetheless, further studies are required to confirm its translational relevance.

In an in vivo TNBC xenograft mouse model, combination treatment with paclitaxel and compound 12 significantly increased BRCA1 stability, reduced the final tumor weight, and decreased the number of Ki-67-positive proliferative cells. Our findings suggest that combination therapy with compound 12 can enhance BRCA1 function and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This study highlights CTSS inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC patients with wild-type BRCA1.

P=N/A, N=40, Completed, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University; Tongji Hospital of Tongji University

Thus, we revealed a protease profile (ADAM9, CTSB, MMP7, CTSC, CTSL, MMP9, and PLAU) associated with glioblastoma progression and further demonstrated that CTSL is regulated by IFN-γ in glioblastoma cells. These results establish a link between IFN-γ signaling and protease regulation in glioblastoma.

Tumor-specific metastatic programs across mesenchymal malignancies (osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and liposarcoma) and selected high-burden cancers (melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, and breast cancer) are highlighted, emphasizing shared principles and divergent organotropisms. Emerging therapeutic strategies that target both the "seed" and the "soil" are also discussed, including immunotherapy combinations, stromal/ECM normalization, chemokine-axis inhibition, epigenetic reprogramming, and liquid-biopsy-enabled minimal residual disease monitoring, to prevent reactivation and improve durable control of metastatic disease.

The biosensors used in the study can simultaneously determine ARO, CTSS, and MMP-1. The results obtained suggest the potential importance of these proteins in the development of ccRCC, and our work proposes a new diagnostic technique that may aid in the diagnosis of ccRCC.

This is the first MR study to provide causal evidence implicating cathepsin E as a risk factor and cathepsins O and S as protective factors in breast cancer. The findings highlight the novelty of identifying specific cathepsins with opposing effects, nominating cathepsin E as a candidate serum biomarker and cathepsins O and S as potential therapeutic targets. These results warrant validation in diverse, multi-ethnic cohorts and longitudinal studies.

We found that cathepsin K (CTSK) uniquely degrades cell-surface mucins, proteoglycans, and polysialylated glycoproteins, and we demonstrated that cathepsin K reduces total glycocalyx thickness. These findings establish CTSK as a promising starting point for the development of a glycocalyx-debulking enzyme for cancer therapeutics.

In addition, the biological activities and biosynthetic pathways of selected compounds are summarized. This work may facilitate the discovery and development of therapeutic agents derived from natural CTSs.

Additionally, 17 biomarkers of nanofiber-induced toxicity were identified as potential targets for predictive, animal-free screening. These early markers may be of value for assessing nanofiber toxicity.

OVM-200, a survivin recombinant overlapping peptide (ROP) vaccine, consists of overlapping peptides linked by the target sequence (LRMK) for cathepsin S, preserving T-cell and most antibody epitopes...Phase 1b is ongoing to further evaluate its safety and efficacy at the selected dose. Oxford Vacmedix UK Ltd.