CSPG4 (Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4)

OPC transplantation improves remyelination and reduces the CSPG level, but the effectiveness is more related to the previous history of the OPC isolation microenvironment and the new donor.

Consequently, CSPG4Hu CAR-T cells demonstrate superior persistence and potent antitumor efficacy across systemic xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Our study establishes a rational engineering framework that links biophysical CAR design to transcriptomic and metabolic rejuvenation, offering a promising therapeutic candidate for advanced HNSCC.

While several promising biomarker candidates have been identified, the evidence base remains limited due to small sample sizes, heterogeneous methodologies, and inadequate follow-up data. Cortactin/FAK protein expression and immune signatures are the most promising but require validation in larger, well-designed prospective cohorts.

In summary, we demonstrate that protein profiling of EVs in relation to osimertinib refractoriness has the potential to identify possible biomarkers that can indicate osimertinib treatment resistance, for example, CSPG4, HSPG2, TAGLN, TNC, THBS1, ANXA1 and CD73/NT5E. Studies in expanded cohorts should be conducted to further validate these putative osimertinib biomarkers.

We discuss the contribution of all these molecules in major hallmarks of OSA-(1) proliferative and survival advantages, (2) metastasis and angiogenesis, and (3) immune evasion-and examine potential strategies for their combined targeting. By leveraging knowledge gained from other cancer models and integrating it with the distinct biological and clinical features of OSA, this perspective seeks to outline rational and innovative combinatorial strategies that may overcome current therapeutic limitations and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

CSPG4 overexpression serves as an oncogenic driver and independent predictor of poor survival in HCC. Combining CSPG4 expression with established clinical variables presents a more precise risk assessment tool for individuals with HCC after hepatectomy, offering new insights for personalized treatment strategies and outcome prediction in HCC.

Based on retrospective data, we identified a novel CSC-related prognostic signature for BLCA. This finding suggests that targeting these genes could offer promising therapeutic strategies.

In pancreatic (ASPC1) and gastric (MKN45) carcinoma models, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TH10 showed prominent tumor uptake (ASPC1:1.63 ± 0.15%ID/g at 60 min), validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry confirming CSPG4 overexpression. This study conducted the first PET imaging on CSPG4 expression in pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer models using 68Ga-labeled peptides, aiming to provide guidance for clinical real-time monitoring of its expression.

PMLS offers a reliable prognostic tool. CSPG4 may represent a potential therapeutic target in PANoptosis-driven BLCA.

Fibroblasts emerge as central regulators, while identified gene-metabolite interactions and microbial associations provide novel insights into tumor heterogeneity. These findings highlight potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to support precision treatment in BLCA.

We performed bionformatic analyses to provide insights into the transcription factor interactions that are likely regulating their development as well as the functional consequences of these diffferences in gene expression. The present work will serve as an important resource for investigators interested in further defining the transit amplifying progenitors of the mammalian SVZ.

Overall, in this study we identified CSPG4 and B7-H3 as valuable target antigens in thyroid cancer and demonstrated that CAR T cell immunotherapy can be a valuable therapeutic option for ATC patients. Our findings provide the translational basis for exploring CAR T cell immunotherapies targeting CSPG4 and B7-H3 with ATC patients who do not respond or relapse after first line treatment.