CSF2 (Colony stimulating factor 2)

In summary, our study demonstrates that the Hepa 1-6-mGM-CSF vaccine elicits robust anti-tumour immunity through the coordinated release of ox-mtDNA and GM-CSF, with ox-mtDNA synergistically enhancing immune activation via the cGAS-STING signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings highlight the Hepa 1-6-mGM-CSF vaccine as a promising strategy for liver cancer management.

IT trastuzumab in combination with GM-CSF is safe in recurrent pediatric PF EPN. A larger phase 2 study that includes both recurrent PFA and RELA-ST EPN is needed to determine the long-term efficacy of this immunotherapy strategy.

Among the Thai cohort, HCC with cirrhosis was associated with distinct gut microbial changes, reduced BCoAT expression, increased gut permeability, and cytokine alterations, highlighting the contribution of gut dysbiosis and microbial by-products to liver disease progression.

VV-GMCSF-Lact treatment was associated with a decreased proportion of malignant GL261 cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, while rhGM-CSF treatment increased proportions of MDSCs, macrophages, NK cells, and tumor-associated neutrophils. Taken together, our data demonstrate that VV-GMCSF-Lact induces antitumor immune responses in murine GL261 glioma in vivo and modulates the tumor microenvironment more effectively than rhGM-CSF alone, supporting its potential for developing new strategies for glioma treatment.

The incorporation of dinutuximab beta into a modified N7 induction regimen demonstrates a satisfactory EOI response rate and a manageable safety profile in children with HR-NB. These preliminary results support the feasibility of this chemoimmunotherapy approach and warrant further investigation in larger cohorts to confirm its efficacy in long-term survival outcomes.

In drug screening assays, CSF2 blockade partially overcame resistance to TGF-β inhibition. These findings establish the CSF2/FOS/NNMT axis as a TGF-β-independent pathway driving myoCAF activation.

For NSCLC patients without EGFR or ALK mutations receiving NICT, G-CSF administration could enhance PCR rates. Prospective trials evaluating G-CSF and GM-CSF combined with PD-1 inhibitors are warranted.

CI has a manageable safety profile and leads to increased intratumoral cytotoxic effector T cells. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03153410, identifier NCT03153410.

A combination of the ΔVFTK-NG-GM-CSF virus with vinorelbine prolongs mouse survival compared to the treatment of mice with either agent alone. Our study suggests that vinorelbine is a promising agent to combine with oncolytic vaccinia virus for the management of ovarian cancer.

However, KYNU-expressing APCs can deplete extracellular kynurenine, prevent AHR activation, and restore IFN-γ production in CD8+ T cells. This highlights the importance of KYNU-expressing APCs in combating kynurenine-induced immune suppression against tumors.

However, patients with unresectable disease still maintained significantly worse DMFS and OS. The regimen demonstrated a manageable safety profile.