CRLF2 (Cytokine Receptor Like Factor 2)

Isolated EMD was observed in 2 (11.8%) patients at first relapse and in 3 (17.6%) patients with multiple relapses. Given these findings, further study to evaluate this potential association between EMD and CRLF2r in r/r B-ALL is indicated.

This analysis offers insights into factors underlying disparities in ALL outcomes and may be targeted to mitigate them, ultimately guiding more equitable approaches to risk stratification and intervention.

In treatment-naive, EGFR-mutant oligometastatic NSCLC, adding upfront SBRT to lazertinib is a viable therapeutic option with a manageable safety profile.

The high diagnostic coverage and rapid turnaround of the FISH-based approach underscore its value as a reliable and efficient diagnostic tool in newly diagnosed ALL. The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.

Hence, this minimalistic approach may be further validated in future studies. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-025-01968-2.

The patient fully recovered and completed induction without complications. This case highlights the importance of recognizing CS as a rare presenting feature of leukemia, and supports hydroxyurea bridging as a viable strategy when immediate chemotherapy is contraindicated to support surgical recovery.

Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis using top fifteen proteins achieved an area under the curve of 0.859, indicating strong predictive value for VTE in this cohort.ConclusionsWe identified a specific cluster of circulating proteins associated with development of VTE in patients with prostate cancer. This work deepens understanding of systemic mediators of cancer-associated VTE and, pending validation in other cohorts, paves the way for improved risk stratification and long-term monitoring in this population.

Recent advances in immunotherapy, including blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, and CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy, have shown significant efficacy and favorable tolerability in pediatric and adult DS-ALL. Emerging approaches incorporating early immunotherapy, MRD-guided treatment, and chemotherapy-free regimens may improve survival and quality of life. Prospective DS-specific trials are essential to optimize therapy and close the outcome gap in this high-risk population.

This rare presentation underlines the diagnostic challenges of acute leukaemias. The patient was finally treated with azacitidine and venetoclax.

Undiagnosed Ph-like ALL correlates with worse survival (5-year OS: 35-45% in LMICs vs. 60-65% in HICs) due to chemotherapy overuse instead of TKIs (e.g., dasatinib improves EFS by 30%). A tiered diagnostic approach, initial CRLF2 flow cytometry ($15, 80% sensitivity), confirmatory PHi-RACE PCR ($42, 95.2% sensitivity), and selective NGS referral could bridge 85% of the detection gap at 90% cost reduction. Cost-effective tools, subsidized NGS networks, workforce training, and WHO-endorsed guidelines could prevent 40-50% of relapses in LMICs.

HSCT remains a crucial therapeutic option for selected patients with Ph-like ALL, particularly those with poor molecular risk features or persistent MRD. However, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the indication for HSCT in CR1 and the potential integration of transplantation with targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies. Personalized treatment approaches based on genomic profiling and MRD assessment are essential to improve outcomes in this high-risk subset.

We also discuss therapeutic strategies that aim at balancing individualized treatment approaches with optimized supportive care to reduce toxicity and minimize relapse risk. This case underlines the importance of comprehensive molecular diagnostics, serial MRD monitoring, and personalized multidisciplinary care in DS-ALL.