Chr del(1p)

Nevertheless, when co-segregation was eliminated, the detrimental effect of +1q or del(1p) was no longer observed. In conclusion, this study confirms the prognostic significance of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities in MM and highlights the importance of considering co-occurrence for accurate prognosis assessment.

P2, N=52, Active, not recruiting, Academic and Community Cancer Research United | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

We show that TRIM33 knockdown sensitizes MM cells to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, and this is synergistic with the standard of care therapy bortezomib, even in co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). These findings suggest that TRIM33 loss contributes to the pathogenesis of high-risk MM and that this may be therapeutically exploited through the use of PARP inhibitors.

Chromosome 1 structural abnormalities were the most prevalent, found in 65% of cases. The frequent presence of subclones and composite karyotypes underscored the genomic heterogeneity and instability in this cohort.

ConclusionsLeukoPrint is an automated, convenient and cost-effective approach to depict CNA profile in genomic DNA or cfDNA. This method is superior to conventional approaches when used for CNA testing, and the practice of this method could improve prognostic stratification of MM patients.

In addition to well-characterized MM drivers (KRAS, NRAS, etc.), 16 new candidate genes were found significantly mutated, including IKFZ3 (Aiolos), a transcription factor and direct target of degradation with lenalidomide therapy, harboring frameshift and stop-gain mutations in the protein dimerization domain which could affect complete differentiation of plasma cells...Conclusion These results highlight the power of genomic profiling in MM for early detection, discovery of novel drivers, monitoring of clonal selection and transformation to malignant disease. We show SMM is not a simple genomically-mature disorder, but rather a dynamic state with competing subclones, which could be leveraged for therapeutic interventions.

Eligible patients receive induction with 4 cycles of RCyBorD (lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone), followed by high-dose melphalan and stem cell rescue. Patients with high-risk disease receive Isatuximab in addition to RCyBorD during induction...This work is also supported by Core Clinical trials unit infrastructure from Cancer Research UK ( C7852/A25447). The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the abstract

Our study demonstrated that the whole genome analysis of imbalances provides new insights to refine the risk stratification in T-ALL. Notably, genomic complexity (≥ 15 genomic imbalances) and chromothripis demonstrated an association with an inferior outcome in terms of EFS and CIR in pediatric and adult T-ALL.

Disease relapse typically occurs regardless of treatment with proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib and carfilzomib), immunomodulatory drugs (such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide), anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (such as daratumumab and isatuximab) or myeloablative melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation, and also occurs following treatment with immunotherapeutics such as bispecific antibodies and/or CAR-T cells (targeting BCMA, FcRH5 or GPRC5D). We propose that cure of MM requires eradication of MM progenitor cells alongside plasma cells. We are currently conducting scRNA-seq and CITE-seq studies of primary MM samples to further characterize MM progenitor cells for gene and protein expression in order to define their optimal therapeutic targets.

P2, N=52, Recruiting, Academic and Community Cancer Research United | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Sep 2024

In conclusion, our study confirmed the prognostic significance of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities in a large cohort of MM patients. We also demonstrated the importance of considering the co-occurrence of high-risk alterations to accurately assess prognosis. Thus, while del(17p) retains its adverse prognosis even as a solitary abnormality, the negative prognosis of 1q gains was mitigated if this abnormality occured as the sole aberration.

The MAPK DM, high TMB and persistent genomic instability suggest roles for MAPK-targeted therapies, immunotherapies and DNA damage repair pathway inhibitors, respectively, in EMD. Recurrent codon 61 mutations in RAS suggest a specific role in EMD progression.

Our results suggest that Dara-CVRd induction and extended post-ASCT Dara-VRd consolidation markedly improve PFS for UHiR NDMM patients over conventional management, supporting further evaluation of this strategy.

sWGS is superior to conventional approaches when used for CNA testing, the practice of this method maybe improves prognostic stratification of MM patients and the clinical significance of some variation remains to be studied.

Key eligibility criteria included relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM; ≤3 prior therapy lines; del(17p) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in ≥10% of plasma cells at any time of MM history; absence of refractoriness or intolerance to pomalidomide and to an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody; previous exposure to lenalidomide (Len)...Pts received continuous treatment with daratumumab (1800 mg sc or 16 mg/kg iv) weekly during cycles 1–2, every 2 weeks during cycles 3–6, and every 4 weeks thereafter; oral pomalidomide (4 mg, once daily on days 1–21); and oral or iv dexamethasone (40 mg once daily on days 1,8,15,22; 20 mg for those aged ≥75 years [yr]) at each 28-day cycle... DPd is an option for pts of all ages, showing a promising response in this difficult-to-treat population.

MAPK DM were frequent in EMD, and detectable in ctDNA, suggesting roles for both MAPK-targeted therapies and for ctDNA as a biomarker in these patients. A high TMB was identified in patients lacking a MAPK driver mutation; immunotherapy should be considered in this subgroup.

This preplanned analysis of the FORTE trial showed that carfilzomib-based induction-intensification-consolidation regimens are effective strategies in patients with standard risk (zero HRCA) and high-risk (one HRCA) myeloma, resulting in similar rates of progression-free survival and 1-year sustained minimal residual disease negativity. Despite promising progression-free survival, patients with ultra-high-risk disease (those with 2 or more HRCA) still have an increased risk of progression and death and therefore represent an unmet medical need.

Key eligibility criteria included: relapsed or relapsed/refractory disease; up to 3 prior lines of therapy, del(17p) observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in at least 10% of plasma cells at any time of MM history, previous exposure to lenalidomide (Len), absence of refractoriness or intolerance to pomalidomide, and previous exposure to an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Pts received continuous treatment with daratumumab (1800 mg subcutaneously or 16 mg/kg intravenously) weekly during cycles 1 and 2, every 2 weeks during cycles 3–6, and every 4 weeks thereafter; oral pomalidomide (4 mg, once daily on days 1–21); and oral or intravenous dexamethasone (40 mg once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; 20 mg for those aged 75 years or older) at each 28-day cycle...Conclusion. In this difficult-to-treat population, DPd is a therapeutic option for pts of all ages and can be considered as a bridge to other immunotherapies.

Eligible patients receive induction with 4 cycles of RCyBorD (lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone), followed by high-dose melphalan and stem cell rescue...The amended question for the high-risk pathway is: does induction, consolidation and maintenance incorporating isatuximab, show activity of prolonging disease control?...Recruitment is on target and outcomes will provide RCT-level evidence for the adaptive use of MRD in treatment allocation. Finally, the platform design enabled adaptation, in this case, to include CD38 antibody for high-risk patients, ensuring up-to-date treatment based on latest evidence, keeping pace with evolving standard of care in the UK, and without altering the scientific MRD-related questions.

Bortezomib (BTZ) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which stimulates anti-cancer immunity and improves clinical response...Interestingly, combining BTZ with autophagy inducers, including rapamycin and venetoclax, restored vesicular transport of CALR to the cell surface and MM phagocytosis by DCs. Altogether, our work identifies a unique mechanism of immune escape that may contribute to the poor clinical outcome observed in del17p HR-MM patients. It further suggests that combining an ICD inducer BTZ with an autophagy inducer, such as venetoclax, in this subset of patients may restore ICD and improve the outcome of HR-MM patients.

We have developed a targeted sequencing panel for MM patient samples that is as robust or better than both FISH and WGS. A full protocol for sample processing and analysis is available, and has been used in a clinical diagnostic laboratory.

In summary, this study supports using a lower percent CPC cutoff to clinically define PCL and highlights the importance of repeated CPC measurements in prognosticating pPCL patients. Further, PR RNA subtype emerged as a predictor of risk in pPCL and, given that the majority of sPCL patients were in the PR subtype, provides a molecular basis for the different clinical features observed between pPCL and sPCL patients.

FISH is the preferred approach in pts with BM PCI <10% and for the detection of clones <15% or variant ploidy levels. WGS is superior to FISH regarding the identification of biallelic events and rearrangements with heterogeneous breakpoints and rare partners. But even more, WGS can address various questions in follow up in terms of increase of complexity, target specific therapy, therapy failure and relapse.

Here, we show that a subgroup of MM patients have TRIM33 loss and these patients have high-risk disease and poor outcome. We show that TRIM33 is recruited to damaged chromatin where it regulates ALC1 activity. Therefore, TRIM33 loss results in a DDR defect leading to chromosomal abnormalities.

Importantly, this also provides real-world validation of clin- ical trial data indicating poor outcomes with two or more high-risk abnormalities and the need to evaluate alternate strategies such as tandem ASCT or those explored in clinical trials such as MUK9. However, a single adverse genetic marker may not be sufficient rea- son to change treatment strategy.

In an analysis of change in clonal structure over time we studied 53 samples from nine patients at multiple time points. Branching evolutionary patterns, novel mutations, biallelic hits in crucial tumour suppressor genes, and segmental copy number changes are key mechanisms underlying the transition to MM, which can precede progression and be used to guide early intervention strategies.