CCR7 (Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7)

We further detail past and ongoing therapeutic efforts and trials addressing these axes in both PDAC and relevant non-PDAC settings via several small-molecule antagonists and monoclonal antibodies: BMS-813160, Maraviroc, Leronlimab, FLX475, PF-07054894, IDOR- 1117-2520, and CAP-100. Despite continuous advances in the field, the current body of evidence remains limited and presents significant research gaps in areas such as spatial profiling, stage-specific analyses, and general mechanistic validation in PDAC-specific settings. Addressing these shortcomings will be key to developing a more comprehensive knowledge of the field and improving future therapeutic strategies to overcome PDAC.

In vitro -generated cDC1s resemble intratumoral DC populations found in mice and humans. MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation by vaccine-delivered cDC1s contribute to antitumor efficacy.Coexpression of MHC-I and MHC-II on the same cDC1 enhances vaccine responses.Antitumor responses reflect the activity of vaccine and endogenous cDC1s.

In contrast, ibrutinib added 48 h post-activation did not show these effects. These findings suggest that caution should be exercised when incorporating ibrutinib into ex vivo expansion system for adoptive non-genetically engineered T cells or combining ibrutinib with these T cell immunotherapies in clinical trial settings.

Therapeutically, agents targeting chemokine pathways, most notably the CCR4 monoclonal antibody Mogamulizumab, have demonstrated clinical efficacy, while emerging inhibitors of CCR6, CCR5, and CXCR4 offer promising avenues for intervention. We further highlight how recent single-cell and other high-dimensional omics studies refine cell-type-specific chemokine sources and receptor expression, enabling more precise mapping of chemokine-driven intercellular communication programs in CTCL TME remodeling and better prioritization of therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

In apheresis, a cut-off value of >4.3% of CD8+ TCM predicted strong CAR-T expansion (AUC: 0.80; p = 0.023) and superior progression-free survival (p = 0.04) compared with patients who had CD8+ TCM below the cut-off. Our data suggest that high frequencies of CD8+ TCM cells in apheresis samples may represent a promising pre-treatment biomarker associated with strong CAR-T expansion and superior clinical outcome in r/r LBCL patients following axi-cel.

Our findings suggest that elevated levels of miR-19a-3p in the serum of patients with HER2 + metastatic breast cancer may result from effective NK cell-mediated ADCC and activation of CD4 + Th1 cells, which could be responsible for the anti-tumor immune response associated with a favorable prognosis. Blood levels of miR-19a-3p might help identify breast cancer patients who have effective trastuzumab-induced anti-tumor immune responses.

Notably, the CRBP3-E749-57 peptide vaccine induced complete tumor regression in TC-1 tumor bearing mice and conferred long-lasting protection against tumor rechallenge. These findings highlight the potential of CCR7-targeting peptides as versatile tools for lymph node-directed cancer immunotherapy.

These results suggest that K4-9 exerts antitumor effects by promoting DC activation and enhancing CD8+ T cell responses. K4-9 holds promise as a functional food ingredient with potential antitumor properties.

MiR-31-modified BMSCs induce autophagic cell death in colorectal cancer cells by delivering miR-31 to target and inhibit CCR7, thereby suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This study provides a novel strategic foundation for BMSC-based gene therapy in colorectal cancer.

Furthermore, CAR19/CXCR4S338X-T cells demonstrated significantly improved migration to and retention in the BM accompanied by increased CD45RA+CCR7+ memory T cell populations, which correlated with enhanced anti-leukemic effects following injection into B-ALL-bearing mice. This study offers a potentially effective strategy to improve the functionality and durability of CAR-T cell responses in hematological malignancies.

These components collectively exert a profound influence on the final outcome: the establishment of TCR affinity thresholds for tissue-specific antigens in mature T cells. In summary, the integration of multidimensional methodologies highlights the pivotal role of the thymus in immune tolerance, with translational implications for autoimmunity, cancer immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine, as reviewed herein.

Additionally, we employed pexidartinib and tenalisib to evaluate TAMs reversal in the iTC-OS-on-a-chip model by selectively inhibiting CSF1R and PI3Kγ, respectively. TAMs reprogramming from tumor promoting M2 to tumor suppressing M1 phenotype is confirmed through gene expression analysis of M1 (CCR7, IL-1β, IL-6) and M2 (CD206, CD163, IL-10) macrophage markers, alongside quantification of secreted cytokines via ELISA assay. This advanced iTC-OS-on-a-chip model offers a robust platform for investigating OS-immune cell interactions, enabling pre-clinical evaluation of chemo/immunotherapeutics and improving the translational relevance in OS research.