CCNE1 amplification

These analyses provide valuable insight into patterns of genomic instability and potential drivers of HRD, besides BRCAm, in ovarian cancer and will help guide future research into the potential clinical effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments in ovarian cancer, including PARP inhibitors as well as other precision oncology agents.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of advanced-stage TOC and UC via WGS reveals key biomarkers and therapeutic targets, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and advancing personalized medicine in gynecological cancers.

P1, N=117, Active, not recruiting, AstraZeneca | Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Mar 2025

P2, N=45, Recruiting, Massachusetts General Hospital | N=30 --> 45 | Trial completion date: Sep 2025 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2025

Overall, our findings provided insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CDDP-R BC.

Specifically, amplifications of CCNE1/CCNE2 are associated with resistance to targeted therapies, immunotherapy, endocrine therapies and chemo/radiotherapy. Given CDK2's involvement in resistance mechanisms, investigating its role presents promising opportunities for developing novel strategies to combat resistance and improve treatment outcomes.

P1, N=13, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2025

Identifying actionable mutations in this high unmet need population is crucial to improving outcomes among Black patients with uterine malignancy. Development of new targeted-therapies will need to keep these alterations at the forefront as trials are being designed.

This study is one of the largest cohorts of ctDNA currently reported in EC. The presence of TP53 mutation and other co-mutations detected by ctDNA have a negative effect on outcomes. This report suggests that ctDNA analysis is feasible and could become a useful biomarker for EC.

This perspective summarizes, for the first time, the PKMYT1 structure, function, and inhibitors in both the literature and patent applications reported to date. Compounds are described focusing on their design and optimization process, structural features, and biological activity with the aim to promoting further drug discovery efforts targeting PKMYT1 as a potential precision therapy.

Introduction Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx (MIRV) is an antibody-drug conjugate that binds to folate receptor alpha and delivers a microtubule inhibitor payload...Median PFS did not significantly differ based on number of prior treatment lines (for 1-3 versus >3 lines, P = 0.3) or prior PARP inhibitor ( P = 0.9) or bevacizumab ( P = 0.4) use...Conclusion/Implications MIRV confers meaningful PFS benefit for a subset of individuals. Biomarkers of response and resistance are urgently needed to optimize patient selection for treatment.

Herein, we conducted virtual screening of a natural product library, and in vitro enzyme experiments demonstrated that EGCG, GCG, and luteolin exhibited potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.137 μM, 0.159 μM, and 1.5 μM, respectively. Subsequently, analysis of the hit compounds and RP-6306, using different molecular simulation methods, revealed that stable hydrogen bonds with Asp251 and Glu157 in the DFG region were vital for binding to PKMYT1, more so than hydrogen bonds in the hinge and loop regions.

Together, our findings indicate that drug resistant states in HGSOC pre-exist at diagnosis and lead to dramatic clonal expansions that alter clonal composition at the time of relapse. We suggest that combining tumor single cell sequencing with cfDNA enables clonal tracking in patients and harbors potential for evolution-informed adaptive treatment decisions.

CCNE1 amplification may confer primary resistance to T-DXd in HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer, suggesting that the cell cycle could be a potential therapeutic target in CCNE1/ERBB2 coamplified tumors. ERBB2-activating mutation may also attenuate T-DXd efficacy in HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer.

Real-world survival analysis demonstrated that patients with CCNE1-amplified gastric cancer had worse survival after trastuzumab for HER2-positive tumors, but better survival after immunotherapy. These data suggest that CCNE1-amplified gastric cancer has a distinct molecular and immune profile with important therapeutic implications, and therefore further investigation of CCNE1 amplification as a predictive biomarker is warranted.

Unfortunately, only a few studies have been carried out on the role of copy number variations according to the molecular classification of endometrial cancer, and even fewer have explored the correlation with drugs. For these reasons, further studies, also using single cell RNA sequencing, are needed before reaching a clinical application.

Our data not only identified the prognostic/predictive significance of these key cell cycle regulators but also demonstrate the importance of sub-cellular localisation. CDK2 targeting in cyclin-E1-amplified OCs could be a rational approach.

Finally, analysis of breast cancer samples reveals a positive correlation between Cyclin E1 amplification and RAD52 expression. These findings demonstrate the importance of suppressing mitotic defects in Cyclin E1-overexpressing cells through RAD52.

Further optimization efforts led to compound 22, exhibiting excellent CDK2 inhibitory activity, good selectivity over other CDKs and potent cellular effects. Based on these characterizations, we propose that compound 22 holds great promise as a potential lead candidate for drug development.

The identification of CCNE1 amplification, which is currently being explored as a therapeutic target in clinical trials, suggests new treatment strategies for high-grade endometrial cancer. This finding holds particular significance for Martinique, where access to care is challenging.

Lastly, a drug screening identified four candidate reagents commonly effective to all PDOs. Collectively, we showed that multiple PDOs could help reproduce the spatial diversity of a tumor and serve as a valuable resource in UCS research in many respects.

sWGS and targeted sequencing identified therapeutic opportunities in 75% of p53abn EC patients. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of treatments targeting these identified pathways within p53abn ECs.

WGD was detected in 41% of samples with greater than 10% tumor fraction in cell-free DNA across three cancer types. While this represents a substantial percentage of advanced cancers, more research needs to be done regarding the impact of these events on clinical outcomes and treatment response. Additionally, co-occurrence of these events with other advanced cancer biomarkers such as microsatellite instability or homologous recombination deficiency was not reported.

This agent shows promise in CCNE1-amplified cancers and in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant breast cancers. See related article by Dietrich et al., p. 446 (8).

The results of the druggability evaluation showed that III-13 was characterized by low bioavailability and poor membrane permeability when orally administered, suggesting the necessity of further structural modifications. Therefore, this study provided a lead compound for antitumor drugs, especially those against CCNE1-amplified tumor proliferation.

SAR studies led to the identification of compound 17, a kinase selective and highly potent CDK2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.29 nM). The evaluation of 17 in CCNE1-amplified mouse models shows the pharmacodynamic inhibition of CDK2, measured by reduced Rb phosphorylation, and antitumor activity.

No correlation was observed between BLAD and Flat lesions with respect to patient age, presence of germline BRCA1/2 mutation, or p53 staining pattern. These findings suggest that tubal precursor lesions are morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous, laying the foundation for further studies on the pathogenesis of HGSC initiation and identifying histologic features predictive of poor patient outcomes.

Recent evidence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets-ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.

In mice, inhibition of KIF18A leads to robust anti-cancer effects with tumor regression observed in human HGSOC and TNBC models at well-tolerated doses. Collectively, our results provide a rational therapeutic strategy for selective targeting of CIN cancers via KIF18A inhibition.

Importantly, our lead compound, featuring a tetrahydropyrazolopyrazine ring, exhibits remarkable selectivity over WEE1, a related kinase associated with bone marrow suppression upon inhibition. Optimization of potency and physical properties resulted in the discovery of compound 21, a novel MYT1 inhibitor, exhibiting optimal pharmacokinetic properties and promising in vivo antitumor efficacy.

P1, N=14, Terminated, Bayer | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; There was no anticipated benefit of the experimental combination as tested over available standard therapies; therefore Sponsor has decided to terminate the investigation.

P2, N=78, Recruiting, Canadian Cancer Trials Group

P1, N=156, Active, not recruiting, AstraZeneca | Phase classification: P1b --> P1 | Trial completion date: Sep 2023 --> Jun 2024

Using cell-based assays, patient-derived xenografts, and transgenic mouse models, we show that INX-315 (i) promotes retinoblastoma protein hypo-phosphorylation and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in CCNE1-amplified tumors, leading to durable control of tumor growth; (ii) overcomes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6i, restoring cell cycle control whilst re-instating the chromatin architecture of CDK4/6i-induced TIS; and (iii) delays the onset of CDK4/6i resistance in breast cancer by driving deeper suppression of E2F targets. Our results support the clinical development of selective CDK2 inhibitors.

Overall, by examining the clonal relationships between temporally and spatially separated samples from patients with relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma, this study sheds light on the intratumor heterogeneity and potential drivers of treatment resistance in this disease. The chemoresistant population in recurrent osteosarcoma is subclonal at diagnosis, emerges at the time of primary resection due to selective pressure from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and is characterized by unique oncogenic amplifications.

P1, N=66, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Phase classification: P1b --> P1 | Initiation date: Nov 2023 --> Feb 2024

P1, N=14, Active, not recruiting, Bayer | Phase classification: P1b --> P1

Lu-PSMA-617 and Lu-PSMA I&T (collectively termed Lu-PSMA) are currently being used for the treatment of selected metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients with PSMA PET-positive disease, but biomarkers for these agents remain incompletely understood... Our analyses indicate that ctDNA assays may contain specific biomarkers predictive of response or resistance for Lu-PSMA-treated mCRPC patients. Additional confirmatory studies are required before clinicians can use these findings to make personalized treatment decisions.

CCNE1 gene amplification, which is associated with aggressive clinical behavior, was more prevalent in carcinosarcomas occurring in Black than in White patients. ECs from Black and White patients display important differences in their histologic types, molecular subtypes, driver genetic alterations and therapeutic targets.

Of 1099 patients included in this study, 45 (4.1%) patients were enrolled in a trial. 31 (68.9%) of those who were enrolled in a clinical trial had undergone CGP, compared to 14 (31.1%) who had not undergone CGP (p <0.001). Those who had CGP were more likely to be enrolled in a clinical trial compared to those who did not have CGP (OR 13.55, CI 5.82 - 31.56).

P1b, N=14, Active, not recruiting, Bayer | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=89 --> 14 | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Nov 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2025 --> Nov 2023

P1b, N=66, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Suspended --> Recruiting | Initiation date: May 2023 --> Nov 2023