CAT (Catalase)

This dual functionality under ultrasound (US) irradiation leads to efficient ROS-mediated activation of both apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death pathways in tumor cells, which achieve significant in vivo sonocatalytic tumor-eliminating capacity and efficacy across multiple cancer models, including hematologic and breast cancer. These findings highlight the essential role of strategic defect engineering coupled with enzyme-mimicking activity in optimizing sonocatalytic therapeutic outcomes for efficient cancer treatment.

Detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production revealed that the effect of PTT and SDT using Pt@PPy NC arose from induction of oxidative stress. Pt@PPy NC also represented catalase-mimicking activity and could be considered for combination therapy.

However, TRG therapy restored renal impairments via regulating antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and histo-architecture. Our findings were strongly supported by in-silico findings that demonstrated the potential binding of TRG with key regulatory genes.

Our histological results showed that BSFL extract (360 mg/kg) could reduce steatosis, cellular swelling, and lobular inflammation induced after AF exposure. The results of this study indicate that BSFL extract, as a valuable bioactive substance with antioxidant properties, may attenuate biochemical indices, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by AF-induced hepatotoxicity.

In particular, in the experimental group, where the concentration of PIrS@Au was the highest at 400 µg mL-1, the survival rates of HeLa and HepG2 cells were 35.6% and 46.8%, respectively. In conclusion, PIrS@Au shows potential application in tumour combination therapy.

This first direct comparison confirms rutin's superior efficacy over GA in mitigating CCl₄-induced nephrotoxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. The integrated in silico and in vivo approach validates their mechanisms, highlighting rutin's prophylactic potential.

The strong correspondence between histopathological and transcriptional biomarkers demonstrates that this species is highly sensitive to styrene toxicity and suitable for ecotoxicological monitoring. Findings highlight the need for environmental surveillance of industrial pollutants in tropical freshwater systems.

Network pharmacology also revealed the involvement of SA1-4 and key targets-regulated SIRTs in neurodegeneration, including non-amyloidogenic cascade, tau phosphorylation, calcium homeostasis, insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, SA1-4 exert promising multi-target therapeutic strategies against oxidative damage, potentially offering alternative anti-Alzheimer candidates for further clinical neurodegenerative and anti-aging therapeutics.

They collectively contribute to reversing tumor microenvironment immunosuppression and eliciting a potent cellular immune response, which not only enables the elimination of primary tumors but also effectively resists lung metastasis of tumor cells. Overall, this study proposes a reliable strategy for enhancing ferroptosis and antitumor immunity to fulfill a more effective tumor therapy.

Seasonal and spatial variations did not significantly influence enzymatic responses. Data demonstrate that contamination by toxic metals in Lake Açu compromises hepatic integrity and fish physiology, emphasizing the urgent need for mitigation measures and environmental management to protect aquatic biodiversity.

Trichodermamide B targets catalase while mediating crosstalk between the catalase axis and the AR signalling axis to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Its efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo models underscore its viability as a novel drug candidate for prostate cancer treatment.

PCE downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) associated X-protein (Bax) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) but it increased the expression of Bcl-2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The research showed that PCE treatment resulted in decreased blood sugar levels and better liver enzyme and lipid profile results and decreased lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced oxidative stress in DM rats according to biochemical and histopathological results.