An 85-year-old male presented with multiple rapidly progressive, painful, ulcerative lesions, initially misdiagnosed as PG and treated with oral cyclosporine with no clinical response... The case documents an exceptionally rare cutaneous presentation of A-DLBCL, expanding the extremely limited literature on this enigmatic entity. Furthermore, it underscores the fundamental role of early skin biopsy in the differential diagnosis of non-specific ulcerative lesions, which is critical for ensuring appropriate treatment administration within the therapeutic window in cases of malignancy.

Collectively, these modulators demonstrate PPI druggability and provide chemical probes and lead scaffolds for therapeutic development in cancer, neurodegeneration, infectious disease, and immune disorders.

P3, N=9, Terminated, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc. | N=40 --> 9 | Trial completion date: Jun 2028 --> Jul 2025 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 --> Jul 2025; DSMB recommendation

P1, N=24, Not yet recruiting, Northwestern University | Initiation date: Sep 2025 --> Mar 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2027 --> Dec 2027

P3, N=4, Terminated, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc. | N=40 --> 4 | Trial completion date: Jun 2029 --> Jul 2025 | Enrolling by invitation --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2028 --> Jul 2025; DSMB recommendation

P4, N=50, Recruiting, Erasmus Medical Center

P=N/A, N=66, Recruiting, Northern Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army; Northern Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's L

P4, N=134, Not yet recruiting, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital

P2, N=51, Completed, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=32, Completed, Cairo University

P4, N=60, Not yet recruiting, Baylor College of Medicine

Here, a novel combination therapy consisting of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) and the flavone-naphthalimide-polyamine derivative 6c was identified...Finally, combination of CsA and 6c suppressed tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. Overall, our study suggests a novel synergistic treatment combination with a comprehensive mechanistic exploration, demonstrating that it is a promising strategy for HCC treatment via targeting RIG-I-like receptor signaling.