CA9 (Carbonic anhydrase 9)

The analysis covers conventional NK-based strategies, the engineering and 'armouring' of CAR-NK platforms to overcome the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and preclinical and early clinical advances with target antigens like CAIX, CD70, PSMA, and nectin-4 across different urological malignancies. We conclude that while CAR-NK therapy represents a promising 'off-the-shelf' modality for these cancers, its success in solid tumours hinges on next-generation designs that solve critical challenges of in vivo persistence, efficient tumour homing, and resistance to local metabolic and immunosuppressive pressures.

All patients with follow-up data were alive without evidence of disease progression. Our findings expand the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular spectrum of ELOC-mutated RCC and further support its classification as a distinct renal neoplasm.

Next-generation sequencing-based molecular profiling had clinical utility in two-thirds of patients, and the greatest benefit was within the broad category of ccRCN. Our results suggest that GPNMB expression was helpful in separating ELOC-RCCfms from M/TSC-RCCfms. Other benefits of NGS include subtyping high-grade RCC/RCC type not otherwise specified and identification of rare phenotypes.

In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-PCA is a bispecific PET tracer that targets both hypoxic tumor cells and tumor neovasculature by binding to both CAIX and PSMA. The probe exhibited significant specificity, advantageous imaging contrast, and robust blocking validation, indicating its potential for molecular imaging of malignancies, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

It underscores the necessity of lifelong follow-up for ccRCC survivors and demonstrates the integral role of imaging and pathological confirmation in guiding clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the remarkable 25-year latency period challenges existing surveillance paradigms and provides a compelling rationale for the use of combined immunotherapy and targeted agents in managing ultra-late, multi-metastatic recurrences.

Finally, single-dose [177Lu]Lu-girentuximab treatment induced cytotoxicity in PDOs in vitro and strongly reduced tumor burden in 2 independent xenografted mouse models, with no signs of toxicity. Our results demonstrate that CA-IX is a relevant target for a theragnostic strategy in mCRC, and provide the first demonstration in clinically-relevant models of metastasis that radiolabeled girentuximab can be used as a scouting agent to stratify and monitor mCRC patients and as a therapeutic alternative for patients with CA-IX-expressing tumors.

[18F]AlF-NYM005 PET/CT was superior to [18F]FDG in the detection of renal tumours and metastatic lesions, demonstrating higher radiotracer uptake and more accurate staging.

These findings related to MYOF-specific effects, as compared to MYON, emphasize that these differences are statistically significant and relevant to UF risk. It can shed insight on how phthalates exposures may impact UF pathogenesis and provide a basis for exploring targeted therapeutic strategies.

The resulting L-P-C16-U system was adequately investigated and shown to effectively synergize photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy. Our work provides new insights into liposome engineering strategies for combination tumor therapy.

Briefly, this study establishes a robust framework for advancing D1, D2, and D3 as promising CAIX inhibitors in cancer treatment. The meticulous analysis and comprehensive approach applied to these primary compounds yield substantial insights into their potential as therapeutic agents, setting the stage for forthcoming experimental validation and clinical utilization.

The compound binds to the CAIX protein, raises extracellular pH, and kills A549 cells [IC50: 11.61 µM], producing results that are lower than those of the reference drug doxorubicin [13.7 µM]...The compound binds to the glutamine and alanine amino acids at positions 242 and 392, respectively, at the central Zn atom of CAIX, which sets it apart from conventional sulphonamide CAIX inhibitors. This naturally occurring compound may be a potent CAIX inhibitor with newer binding sites, which could help treat hypoxic lung cancers.