CA9 (Carbonic anhydrase 9)

Tumor-derived circulating CA9 is a predictive biomarker and functional driver of resistance to Atez/Bev therapy in HCC. Targeting CA9 may enhance therapeutic response.

In vivo, NPTX2 overexpression promoted tumor growth, increased Ki67 positivity, and enhanced H3K18la modification co-localizing with CAIX at the invasive front. This study demonstrates that NPTX2 drives ccRCC progression through coordinated regulation of cell cycle, EMT, and glycolysis-driven histone lactylation, positioning it as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Postoperative pathology confirmed the renal mass as benign angiomyolipoma and the breast nodule as invasive ductal carcinoma. This case highlights the inclusion of primary breast cancer in the differential diagnosis of extra-renal CAIX-avid lesions.

On the other hand, complex 2 showed negligible luminescence in cell lines with low expression of CAIX, demonstrating its ability to discriminate cancer cells. Overall, this work demonstrates the promising potential of dual receptor-mediated iridium(III) complexes based on the bioorthogonal activation strategy for the accurate and specific imaging of cancer cells.

The other familial type of MEN type2 and NF1 are discussed by some characteristic features in histology. Finally, rare types such as ACTH-producing PPGL, and dopamine-producing PPGL are discussed.

P3, N=40, Recruiting, Telix Pharmaceuticals (Innovations) Pty Limited | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Nov 2025 --> Mar 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 --> Aug 2027

In this retrospective cohort, a multiplex CD30/CA9 LFA distinguished BIA-ALCL from benign peri-implant seromas with high sensitivity and favorable study-conditional NPV, supporting feasibility as a rapid triage adjunct to prioritize confirmatory pathology. Prospective studies with standardized pre-analytics, blinded interpretation, and prevalence-representative cohorts are required to establish real-world predictive values and clinical utility.

Sporadic RH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a small hypervascular renal mass that mimics ccRCC. In this case, relative hyperenhancement persisting at 180 s on CEUS may represent a nonspecific descriptive clue, but definitive diagnosis still requires integrated pathologic interpretation.

The LCM-PICR workflow provides a rapid and sensitive sample processing strategy for LC-MS/MS-based spatial proteomics from micrometer-scale tissue regions. This approach supports detection of spatially structured protein variation within tumors and offers a practical tool for studying intratumoral heterogeneity and spatially resolved disease biology.

Human liver microsomal assays indicated measurable metabolic stability, while molecular docking and in silico ADMET predictions supported target engagement and drug-like properties. Collectively, these findings identify compound 6 as a promising multitarget anticancer lead integrating antimitotic, metabolic, and anti-angiogenic mechanisms.

This case highlights the rare occurrence of ccRCC with synchronous bladder metastasis and underscores the importance of comprehensive imaging, detailed morphologic and immunohistochemical evaluation, and a multidisciplinary approach. Robot-assisted cytoreductive surgery combined with modern systemic therapy represents an effective strategy for advanced ccRCC, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment and long-term follow-up in atypical metastatic scenarios.

Elevated ROS by GA activated the JNK pathway and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, resulting in caspase-1-mediated cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and subsequent pyroptosis, alongside caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Collectively, GA exerted its potent anti-TNBC activity by targeting CA9 to dysregulate autophagy and induce ROS-mediated pyroptosis/apoptosis, presenting a promising low-toxicity therapeutic strategy.