BTLA (B And T Lymphocyte Associated)

Our study provides no evidence that sICs can predict LNM in PeCa, although four inhibitory sICs were significantly elevated in PeCa patients compared to cancer-free controls, suggesting systemic immunosuppression associated with tumor presence, consistent with findings in other malignancies. Studies with larger cohorts are warranted to clarify the prognostic significance of sICs in PeCa.

Co-expression of FGFR4 and HER2 is associated with a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment in HR+ breast cancer, suggesting immunotherapy potential. Further studies should explore therapeutic strategies to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment.

Venanprubart (LY3361237), an agonist antibody to B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), was developed as a potential treatment for autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis...Irrespective of titer, TE ADA incidence was 79%, 71%, and 71% for healthy participants, patients with SLE, and patients with psoriasis, respectively. ADA titers were lower in the repeat-dose studies compared to the SAD study, especially at higher doses.

Somatic mutations demonstrated that the mutation rate of Cluster B was higher than that of Cluster A. In addition, candidate drugs for two clusters of patients were predicted, with Lapatinib, Doramapimod, and SCH772984 may be potential drugs for Cluster A patients. Luminespib, Staurosporine, and Dasatinib may be more suitable for Cluster B patients. The study provides a reference for guiding the clinical treatment of BLCA patients.

We also discuss how targeting PTM-regulating enzymes or specific modification motifs offers a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome ICB resistance. Understanding the PTMs landscape provides critical insight into resistance mechanisms and unveils promising opportunities for rational combination therapies aimed at reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME and enhancing antitumor immunity.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of BTLA's structure, signaling mechanisms, and functional implications in tumor immunity and discusses current advances and challenges in BTLA-targeted therapy. Finally, we outline future perspectives on leveraging BTLA modulation to enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

The ADRIATIC trial demonstrated significant improvements in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) with durvalumab consolidation post-concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT)...Integrating immunotherapy into LS-SCLC treatment represents a promising strategy with the potential to improve outcomes beyond what is achievable with cCRT alone. Ongoing trials are expected to provide further insights, potentially reshaping LS-SCLC treatment strategies.

Non-genetic evaluations of pathway activity and cellular impairment aid in differentiating exhaustion from reversible anergy, guiding treatment choices. This review integrates mechanistic, contextual, and clinical aspects of immune checkpoints to elucidate their dual functions as obstacles to antitumor immunity and protections against autoimmunity.

Checkpoint alterations, such as low TIGIT or CTLA-4 and elevated OX40 expression, were correlated with superior progression-free survival. MM progression entails extensive, stage- and subset-specific remodeling of inhibitory and activating immune checkpoints in the BM, with implications for immunotherapeutic targeting.

This study uncovers both shared and ancestry-specific immunogenomic features of breast cancer, highlighting the role of ancestry and other biological features in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. These findings re-emphasize the need for population-informed approaches in breast cancer immunotherapy and biomarker development, to ensure equitable precision oncology strategies across global populations.

Furthermore, combining TNK2/ACK1 inhibitors with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy or with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine demonstrates promising antitumor efficacy in both allograft and spontaneous PDAC models. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism of immune evasion and provide a potential framework for developing tailored immunotherapeutic strategies in PDAC.

Besides, patients in the high-risk group exhibited lower IC50 values for vorinostat, elesclomol, OSI-906, pyrimethamine, thapsigargin, and doxorubicin, but a higher IC50 value for cisplatin, compared to those in the low-risk group, indicating differential drug sensitivities. In summary, we established a robust DRGs signature comprising BTN3A1, CEBPA, KCNAB2, TBX21, and MYC, which showed strong prognostic value and predictive potential for immune status and drug sensitivity in OS. Notably, functional experiments confirmed that BTN3A1 acted as a tumor suppressor in OS, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic target.