BRAF V600

This case series highlights promising outcomes with systemic treatment options in ATC, but the analysis is limited by a small sample size, emphasising the need for further research and collaboration to improve clinical outcomes.

P=N/A, N=152, Active, not recruiting, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris | N=61 --> 152 | Trial completion date: Jan 2028 --> Jan 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 --> Jan 2028

In this Middle Eastern cohort, no consistent molecular or clinical disparities across most parameters. These findings suggest the timing of metastasis may not independently influence prognosis and highlight the relevance of individualized, biology-driven management strategies.

Combining targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed promising results in two patients with advanced BTC driven by specific genetic mutations. Significant tumor reduction and successful surgeries suggest this approach may improve resectability and outcomes. These cases highlight the potential of personalized treatment guided by genetic profiling. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore broader applications for this strategy.

We outline mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and limitations of FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and emerging agents, with emphasis on resistance pathways, both on-target and bypass-mediated, observed during treatment with drugs such as osimertinib, crizotinib, sotorasib, and entrectinib. The role of next-generation sequencing (NGS), liquid biopsy, and comprehensive biomarker profiling in guiding personalized therapy selection is also discussed, along with strategies for sequential therapy and rational combination approaches.

Our study demonstrates that the majority (86%) of SLCTs with heterologous RMS harbor double DICER1 mutations (a hotspot mutation and a nonsense or frameshift loss-of-function mutation), supporting the existing knowledge on DICER1 mutations associated with RMS heterologous elements, the presence of which should trigger genetic counselling. Our findings also suggest that molecular alterations other than DICER1, namely, TERT promoter and TP53 mutations, may contribute to component-specific oncogenic transformation.

Conventional radiotherapy combined with temozolomide proved ineffective. This is the first reported case of multi-oncogenic pathway alterations following BRAF-targeted therapy in PXA. These genetic abnormalities likely contributed to the tumor's drug resistance and aggressive progression in this case.

Our work resulted into four interpretation categories that associate model's performance (i.e., AUC of 0.8 and precision and recall of 0.7) with the ROIs that revealed meaningful diagnostic patterns as well as those that required annotation-refinements. Our work coheres with the White House's National AI Action Plan that identifies interpretability as a national research priority and paves the way for a human-DL collaboration in clinical pathology for a better translation of DL techniques in clinical pathology in near future.

Under specific circumstances, CNB can provide an effective diagnostic approach for thyroid tumors. Moreover, in this case, we identified a novel TP53 intronic mutation that may drive the development of thyroid PRMS.

Alterations associated with the formation of a somatic-type malignancy and/or the development of cisplatin resistance include TP53 mutations or MDM2 gene amplifications as well as epigenetic alterations...Additionally, we will provide guidance on how to examine a testicular tumour specimen histopathologically to reach an accurate diagnosis. Finally, we will outline the importance of the content of a histopathological report for the urologists and oncologists.

Definitive diagnosis requires pathology, though sampling bias poses challenges. Advanced imaging (contrast-enhanced 3D T2-FLAIR MRI) and biomarkers (BRAF V600E, beta-catenin, p53, Ki-67) show promise in improving diagnosis, predicting recurrence, and guiding treatment.

Treatment similar to that of melanoma was commenced with pembrolizumab, which he completed without significant side-effects...Paediatric metastatic atypical DPN is not documented. Paediatric oncology supraspecialist MDT consensus was mandatory for management and support for our patient.