AXIN1 (Axin 1)

P2, N=18, Terminated, Recursion Pharmaceuticals Inc. | N=60 --> 18 | Trial completion date: Jan 2027 --> Feb 2025 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 --> Feb 2025; Study was terminated due to sponsor decision. This decision was not related to safety concerns.

This study clarified ECSIT's dual role in stabilizing β-catenin and sustaining Wnt signaling-regulating Lgr5 intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, epithelial renewal, and immune balance. These findings offer insights into CIM pathogenesis and establish the basis for developing targeted therapy through ECSIT-Wnt axis regulation.

Additionally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling inversely correlates with YAP/TAZ-mediated signaling, leaving higher YAP/TAZ activity in AXIN1-mutant versus CTNNB1-mutant cells. Thus, AXIN1 mutations drive physiologically relevant Wnt/β-catenin activation, providing a permissive environment for YAP/TAZ signaling, thereby distinguishing them from CTNNB1 mutations.

Remarkably, we found that the lysosomal glucose-sensing AMPK pathway is shared by metformin, a glucose-lowering drug known to also extend lifespan and reduce cancer risk...Our work has thus revealed that glucose acts as a messenger that signals through a specialized route to control health-span and lifespan. We will continue to explore the teleological meaning of glucose as a "chosen" molecule.

Our findings establish phase separation as a critical component in mechanical signal transduction and provide a framework for integrating mechanical and biochemical cues in cellular decision-making. This approach opens avenues for targeted therapies and deepens our understanding of how cells process complex environmental information.

More importantly, the simultaneous increase in Axin1 protein levels and its polymerization can synergistically induce apoptosis. Together, our study uncovers an important regulatory mechanism of Axin1 polymerization and implies that targeting TRIM15 provides a therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer based on inhibiting Wnt signaling.

CMTC is usually closely related to FAP. It requires clinical attention, and the patient's intestinal condition still needs to be closely monitored after surgery.

This study provides insights into the mechanisms by which plasma lipid metabolism influences kidney stone development through inflammatory regulatory networks. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for lipidomics- and inflammation-based biomarker risk prediction, as well as targeted intervention strategies for kidney stone prevention.

Our findings support a gatekeeper role for AXIN1; its polymorphisms contribute to increased PD susceptibility and accelerated motor progression, yet may also trigger a compensatory presynaptic response, as evidenced by elevated CSF DOPA levels, to counteract neurodegeneration. Future studies should include larger sample sizes, more diverse ethnic populations, and protein-level investigations.

The absence of a relationship between HRR alterations and TMB suggests distinct biological mechanisms. Liquid biopsy remains a reliable option when tissues are unavailable in managing patients with HCC.

Mechanistic studies using cycloheximide chase assays, Wnt pathway modulators (LiCl, SKL2001, and Salinomycin), and protein interaction analyses demonstrated that KCNJ12 stabilizes β-catenin through the physical interaction with lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 6 (LRP6), disrupting AXIN/APC/GSK-3β complex assembly and subsequent proteasomal degradation...Our findings establish KCNJ12 as a novel Wnt/β-catenin regulator and propose dual therapeutic strategies against HCC-mediated chemoresistance: pharmacological suppression of KCNJ12 channel activity and targeted disruption of KCNJ12-LRP6 protein interactions. This mechanistic framework advances our understanding of stemness regulation in HCC and provides feasible targets for developing next-generation anti-HCC therapies.

Like β-catenin, SREBP2 is stabilized by extracellular Wnt ligands; unlike β-catenin, its regulation is independent of GSK3β and CK1α and requires the entire APC mutational cluster region (MCR), whereas β-catenin turnover can operate with only a partial MCR. These findings define a β-catenin-independent branch of Wnt signaling that couples APC to sterol metabolism, providing a mechanistic rationale to target the mevalonate/SREBP2 axis in APC-mutant colorectal cancer.